Los ntawm lub sijhawm qub, ntau yam kev sau tau pib muab tso ua ke, uas suav nrog me me, feem ntau yog epigraphic poetic tej hauj lwm los ntawm ntau tus kws sau ntawv. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm keeb kwm collections tau muab tso ua ke tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj, piv txwv li, los ntawm suab paj nruag, xinesmas, thiab lwm yam. Lawv hu ua anthologies. Cov ntawv sau zoo li no muaj qee yam zoo sib xws nrog cov ntaub ntawv kawm. Lo lus "anthology" txhais li cas?
Terminology
Lub tswvyim muaj keeb kwm Greek. Lo lus "anthology" txhais li cas? Txhais los ntawm Greek thaum ub - "paj vaj", "sau paj". Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias, ntxiv rau cov paj huam, aphorisms los yog sayings, lwm yam kev xaiv tau sau. Ib qho anthology ntawm kev xav tau nrov nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Nws yog ua tsaug rau cov collections uas niaj hnub no peb paub cov lus ntawm ntau sages. Leej twg sau thawj anthology? Nws yog dab tsi hauv kev xav niaj hnub no? Wb muab nws tso rau hauv kab lus.
History
Thaum twg yog thawj anthology muab tso ua ke? Dab tsiqhov no yog qhov peb pom saum toj no, thiab tam sim no peb yuav muab qee cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm. Tus thawj compiler ntawm xws li ib tug sau yog Meleager los ntawm Syria. Nws rov qab mus rau 60 BC. e. Ntawm cov kws sau ntawv keeb kwm yav dhau los yog Phillippus ntawm Thessalonica, Strato ntawm Sardis, thiab Diogenian ntawm Heraclea. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov kev sau no, muaj ntau lub npe, tsis tau khaws cia. Cov rooj sib tham lig tau los txog rau tam sim no. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 10th, Constantine Cephalus tau sau ib qho kev nthuav anthology (nws yog dab tsi, los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd philosophers paub zoo heev). Constantine siv cov collections ntawm nws predecessors. Hauv particular, tej hauj lwm ntawm Agafia. Cov ntawv sau tom ntej tau muab tso ua ke los ntawm Maxim Planud. Ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau xaus lus thaum qhov no anthology tau kawm tias qhov no yog qhov kev sau tsis muaj qab nyob hauv qhov tseeb. Nws tau ua, txawm li cas los xij, suav nrog ntau qhov xav paub epigrams uas xa mus rau cov haujlwm ntawm kos duab. Qhov nto moo tshaj plaws yog ib qho ntawm thawj cov khoom sau, sau los ntawm John Laskaris. Tom qab ntawd, cov anthology tau luam tawm ntau zaus. Ntawm tag nrho cov uas muaj, tsuas yog lub xeem version twb reprinted. Nws tau sau los ntawm Heinrich Stepan. Rau qhov anthology no, tus sau tau siv ntau qhov chaw.
Anthologia inedita
Nyob rau xyoo 1606, Salmasius pom ib daim ntawv tseem muaj sia nyob ntawm cov npe ntawm anthologies sau los ntawm Constantine Cephalus hauv Heidelberg Library thiab muab piv nrog Planud sau. Tom qab sau tawm ntawm thawj tag nrho cov paj huam uas tsis nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, nws tau sau ib tug tshiab manuscript. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm tsis tau tshaj tawm, nrog rau,Qhov tseeb, ib tsab ntawm d'Orville. Thaum Tsov Rog Peb caug xyoo, cov ntawv sau tau raug tsiv mus rau Rome, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Paris (thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog tawm tsam). Nyob rau hauv 1816 lub anthology thaum kawg rov qab mus rau Heidelberg. Thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov sij hawm no, excerpts los ntawm cov sau tau luam tawm ob peb zaug nyob rau hauv fragments los yog tag nrho nyob rau hauv lub npe Anthologia inedita.
Cov ntawv sau qub tshaj plaws
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias tag nrho cov khoom siv, uas tau ntxiv los ntawm idylls ntawm kws sau paj huam, epigrams, excerpts los ntawm tej hauj lwm pom nyob rau hauv inscriptions thiab ntau yam sau ntawv, tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1776 los ntawm Brunck. Cov ntawv sau no tau rov luam tawm los ntawm Jacobs nrog qee qhov kev tsis lees paub thiab kev piav qhia. Tom qab ntawd, tib tus kws sau ntawv kuj tau npaj ib phau ntawv sau thib ob los ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm xyoo 1776 hauv Rome. Raws li ib feem ntawm no anthology, muaj ib phau ntawm Constantine Cephalus nrog epigrams ntawm Planud txuas rau nws. Welker ntxiv rau tsab ntawv no hauv 1828-1829 ntxiv los ntawm ntau qhov chaw. Hauv Paris, raws li cov tswv yim zoo sib xws nrog cov lus pom thiab txhais ua Latin los ntawm Dübner (uas tuag ua ntej ua tiav ntawm qhov thib ob ntim) hauv 1864-1872. ib tsab tshiab tau tshwm sim. Cov ntawv xaiv tau raug muab txhais ua German.
Keeb kwm ntawm qee haiv neeg
Cov neeg nyob sab hnub tuaj muaj ntau ntau cov ntawv sau uas muaj ntau cov lus sau los ntawm cov paj huam uas yog ib tus neeg sau, lossis cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv zoo tshaj plaws lossis cov kws sau paj huam. Feem ntau lawv koom nrog biographicalsau ntawv nyob rau hauv chronological kev txiav txim. Cov laus tshaj plaws paub anthology belongs rau cov neeg ntawm Tuam Tshoj. Cov ntawv sau no muaj npe hu ua "Shi-Ching" thiab yog nyob rau hauv cov ntawv canonical. Confucius suav tias yog nws tus kws sau ntawv. Muaj ob peb phau ntawv sau keeb kwm hauv Sanskrit cov ntaub ntawv. Cov Arabs yog me ntsis richer nyob rau hauv no hwm. Los ntawm lawv, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias, kev lig kev cai ntawm kev sau cov khoom ntawm cov neeg xaiv tau dhau mus rau Persians. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov Persian collections muab ib tug qauv rau Muslim Hindu, Ottoman, Turkic manuscripts.
Ntau yam kev sau los ntawm cov ntawv sau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm muaj cov ntsiab lus nrov-keeb kwm lossis cov ntsiab lus qhia.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm xws li collections yog muab tso ua ke rau ntau hom thiab rau txawv hnub nyoog pawg (piv txwv li, "Anthology ntawm Lavxias teb sab Literature rau me nyuam").
ntawv sau Roman
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias kev niaj hnub tsis muaj ntawm nws qhov pov tseg ib qho khoom qub Roman. Kev sau ua ke ntawm anthologies tau pib los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv tom qab lub sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim, lawv kos cov khoom los ntawm ib tug loj sau, uas hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 6th, los yog muab rho tawm los ntawm inscriptions thiab sau ntawv sau. Tus thawj compiler, Scaliger, luam tawm ib qho anthology nyob rau hauv 1573. Tom qab ntawd, ntau yam haujlwm los ntawm Pytheas tau ntxiv rau nws. Tsab ntawv no, uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1590, tau siv los ntawm Peter Burman (junior). Nws tau tsim cov ntawv sau uas muaj 1,544 cais cov paj huam. Ntxiv thiab kho, nws tau rov luam tawm xyoo 1835 los ntawm Mayer. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1869 Reesemuab tso ua ke ib qho tshiab tseem ceeb sau, los ntawm uas heev heev raug tshem tawm. Yog li, luv luv peb tshuaj xyuas lub tswvyim ntawm "anthology", nws yog dab tsi, thiab leej twg yog thawj tus sau.
