Nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum tau pib, thiab ntau heev twb tau ua tiav hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Thiab txawm hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st tseem tsis tau siv dav, yav tom ntej lawv yuav pab ua kom tib neeg lub neej xis nyob thiab ntev.
Cov hauv qab no yog kaum qhov kev tsim kho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas zoo li yuav pom cov ntawv thov siv tau rau xyoo no.
Boson-Higgs Particle
Nws muaj nyob tau kwv yees rov qab rau xyoo 1960, tab sis cov khoom tau pom tsuas yog xyoo 2006 hauv Geneva. Qhov no ua tau ua tsaug rau kev tsim kho ntawm Loj Hadron Collider. Lub Boson particle tseem hu ua "Vajtswv particle", vim nws yog nws uas yog lub ntsiab cib los ntawm lub ntiaj teb tshwm sim. Qhov kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws hauv physics ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st yuav tsis tsuas yog pab tsim cov khoom tshiab nyob rau yav tom ntej, tab sis kuj yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev ua tiav ntxiv. Piv txwv li, kev tso tawm cov cav uas ua haujlwm raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tshiab thiab ua kom nws muaj peev xwm kov yeej qhov kev ncua deb hauv lub sijhawm luv luv.
Stem cells los ntawm cov hlwbkab mob neeg laus
qia hlwb yog siv los loj hlob tib neeg lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no muaj tseeb rau kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Yog li ntawd, ib qho ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tib neeg tau kawm txog kev cog qoob loo uas lawv xav tau rau kev hloov pauv, thiab tsis txhob cia siab tias tus neeg pub dawb yuav tshwm sim.
Yav dhau los, qia hlwb tsuas yog tau los ntawm embryo. Qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ua tsis ncaj ncees xwb, tab sis kuj tseem txaus ntshai, txij li thaum cov hlwb raug coj los nrog ib lub koob txhaj tshuaj uas tau tho qhov placenta. Thiab qhov no qee zaum ua rau nchuav menyuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cell tshwm sim yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev. Tsuas yog niam txiv nplua nuj xwb thiaj them taus.
Kev siv cov neeg laus qia hlwb daws qhov teeb meem tag nrho. Txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej no tseem tshiab thiab kim, yav tom ntej, hloov lub cev ua tsis tau zoo nrog lub raj tshuaj uas loj hlob yuav dhau los ua qhov qub.
Kev paub tshiab hauv hlwb
Lwm qhov kev tshawb pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv xyoo pua 21st yog qhov muaj peev xwm sau thiab tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv ncaj qha rau hauv lub hlwb yam tsis muaj kev mob siab rau. Qhov kev sim ntawm kev qhia txog kev paub tshiab tau ua tiav ntawm kev sim nas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsiaj tam sim ntawd pom thiab siv qhov kev paub. Qhov ntawd yog, lawv tsis quav ntsej qee qhov chaw hauv lub tawb thiab qee hom zaub mov nkaus xwb vim tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau cov ntaub ntawv hauv lawv lub hlwb txog lawv txoj kev phom sij rau tsiaj txhu.
Nyob rau yav tom ntej, qhov kev tshawb pom no yuav ua rau kom muaj peev xwm kawm tau ntawm tib neeg. Nws yuav muaj peev xwm npaj tau tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb hauv ob peb teev xwb,tsuas yog sau cov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse uas tsim nyog rau hauv nws lub hlwb. Nws tseem yuav pab tshem cov neeg tsis nco qab, kho qee yam mob hlwb.
Poincaré qhov kev xav tau dhau los ua qhov theorem
Qhov chaw yug ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom zoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st yog Russia. Grigory Perelman, kws tshawb fawb Lavxias teb sab, lej, ua pov thawj ntawm Poincaré theorem. Txog rau qhov no, nws tsuas yog ib qho kev xav, uas yog, kev xav. Txawm hais tias rau cov neeg nyob deb ntawm kev ua lej, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev siv qhov kev tshawb pom no zoo li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, qhov tseeb qhia tau hais tias, ua tsaug rau nws, tib neeg yuav muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau qhov chaw nres tsheb thiab nkoj.
Theorem muab cov lus teb rau ntau cov lus nug. Piv txwv li, nws piav qhia tias vim li cas cov khoom loj hauv qhov chaw - cov ntiaj chaw thiab cov hnub qub - yog cov duab kheej kheej. Qhov no tsis yog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav lej zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, tab sis yog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb uas ntsib tib neeg niaj hnub no.
Tsim cov graphene
Ib qho kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st yog kev tsim cov graphene. Cov khoom siv hnyav no muaj qhov tshwj xeeb superconductivity ntawm chav tsev kub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis yog tsuas yog ultra-muaj zog, tab sis kuj ultra-light. Txog tam sim no, nws qhov kev tsim khoom kim heev, tab sis tej zaum hauv ob peb xyoos, cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm nws, thiab tom qab ntawd kev siv graphene yuav loj heev.
Txoj kev tsim cov qauv tshiab ntawm lub neej ntawm qib caj ces
Kev txhim kho ntawm cov noob caj noob ces hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaumcoj mus rau kev tshawb pom zoo nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st hauv biology thiab noob caj noob ces. Yog li, thawj zaug, ib daim ntawv tshiab ntawm lub neej tau tsim los ntawm tus txiv neej ntawm qib molecular. Cov kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug tshem tawm qee yam ntawm cov caj ces, tawm hauv cov noob uas xav tau los txhawb txoj sia, thiab tom qab ntawd hloov lawv nrog cov tshiab. Qhov kev sim tau ua tiav ntawm cov kab mob. Nws tau ua tiav: cov kab mob tsis tsuas yog tsis tuag, tab sis kuj tau pib sib ntxiv, dhau ntawm cov noob caj noob ces tshiab.
Qhov kev tshawb pom no thaum kawg yuav tua cov kab mob thiab kis kab mob. Tej zaum tib neeg txawm yuav muaj peev xwm kov yeej cov kab mob uas kho tsis tau, xws li AIDS.
New tiam prostheses
Thaum ntxov, tus prosthesis yog ib daim ntawm roj hmab, yas los yog ntoo, uas yog zoo li tus ceg uas ploj lawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau ua ntau yam haujlwm. Yog tias cov ceg pob qij txha tau siv los ua ib qho kev pab txhawb nqa, ces hnav nws tsis yooj yim dua li tus ntoo khaub lig. Thiab nrog ib txhais tes prosthetic, uas ua hauj lwm ntau ntawm lub hom phiaj zoo nkauj, nws yuav luag tsis muaj peev xwm tuav tau dab tsi.
Qhov kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st yog kev tsim cov prostheses tshiab kiag li. Niaj hnub no versions ntawm lawv yog rhiab heev. Lawv tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm lub zog ntawm kev xav, thiab hais txog lawv lub peev xwm, cov khoom siv tes ua tsis tau qis dua ntawm caj npab lossis ceg tiag tiag.
superfast computers
Lub khoos phis tawj tau tsim nyob rau xyoo pua dhau los, tab sis qhov kev tshawb pom zoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm "Informatics" tau tshwm sim niaj hnub no. Yog li, tsis ntev los no, PCs tau tshwm sim ua haujlwm raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus tshiab. Cov no yog ultrafast quantumcomputers muaj peev xwm ua tetrabytes ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm vib nas this. Lawv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev suav nyiaj txiag, kev tsim kho cov qauv hauv computer los kwv yees cov xwm txheej yav tom ntej. Tsis zoo li ntau lwm qhov kev tshawb pom, ultra-ceev PCs twb tau siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no, txawm li cas los xij, txog tam sim no tsuas yog ob peb tus tau nkag mus rau lawv, feem ntau yog cov kws tshawb fawb, kws tshawb fawb, thiab tub rog.
dej ntawm Mars
Kev tshawb pom dej ntawm Mars yog ib qho kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st. Nws nyob ntawm no txawm nyob hauv ib qho khoom lossis hauv lub xeev ua kua. Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, astronomers, dej ntawm lub ntiaj teb liab yog ntsev, yog li nws tsis evaporate.
Qhov tseeb no tau paub ua ntej: cov kab ntawm corrosion, qhuav li dej txaj thiab pas dej pom ntawm Mars. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb tias dej tseem nyob hauv ntiaj teb tau lees paub tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 21st. Thiab qhov no tseem ceeb heev. Lub xub ntiag ntawm dej hauv lub xeev ua kua qhia tau tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub neej ntawm Mars, txawm tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qub (cov kab mob, protozoa). Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog lub ntiaj teb uas yog lub ntsiab khoom ntawm colonization. Thawj cov neeg nyob hauv Martian yuav xav tau dej kom nyob. Thiab txawm hais tias nws suab zoo li kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, tej zaum thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua no, thawj qhov chaw ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb yuav tshwm sim rau Mars.
Quantum teleportation
Quantum teleportation tsis yog qhov txav ntawm ib yam khoom, raws li cov txheej txheem feem ntau yog tshwm sim hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab tau piav qhia hauv cov ntawv tseeb tshiab. Qhov no yog ib qho instantaneous txav ntawm quantum hais nyob rau hauv qhov chaw.
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm quantum teleportation yog kev xa cov ntaub ntawv mus ntev. Qhov no tsis zoo li yog qhov kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st zoo li lwm tus, tab sis ua ke nrog lub peev xwm ntawm teleportation, nws lub luag haujlwm tau loj hlob. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev tshawb nrhiav lwm lub ntiaj teb los yog kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb, kev sib pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov nrawm qhib tau zoo rau kev tshawb fawb. Yog, thiab hauv ntiaj teb, Is Taws Nem, ua haujlwm ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm quantums, yuav tsis mob.
Nov tsis yog tag nrho cov npe ntawm qhov kev tshawb pom loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tsawg tshaj li ob xyoo caum, ib tug smartphone, wireless high-ceev Internet, ib tug 3D tshuab luam ntawv thiab lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb sib npaug. Tib neeg genome tau txiav txim siab tag nrho thiab qhov zais cia ntawm nws keeb kwm tau tshwm sim.
Discoveries tau tshwm sim tas li, thiab yog tias peb muab cov ntaub ntawv sib piv nrog tib lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, nws tuaj yeem raug sau tseg tias lub qab ntug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb txoj kev paub tab tom nthuav dav tsis yog ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tab sis ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb.. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau qhov kev tshawb pom no suav nrog kev txhim kho tag nrho cov ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev ua tiav zoo dua ntawm cov neeg tos yav tom ntej.
