Feem ntau, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv yog hais los ntawm ib feem ntawm kev hais lus tsis zoo xws li dyslalia, tab sis nws kuj tshwm sim rau qee qhov xwm txheej. Xws li kev ua txhaum ntawm kev hais lus tshwm sim nws tus kheej raws li cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob nyuaj (dysarthria, alalia, cerebral palsy, kev txawj ntse tsis txaus).
Txhawm rau pab koj tus menyuam kho qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, koj yuav tsum tsim kom raug qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim. Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua txhaum cai, kev kho kom raug yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob hais lus thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, kev kho kom rov zoo, hloov kho lossis kev pab them nqi kho mob.
Yuav ua li cas kho interdental sigmatism hauv tus menyuam, thiab dab tsi tom qab lub npe txawv txawv?
Yuav ua li cas thiaj hais lus tsis txaus
Txhua qhov kev hais lus tsis zoo yog ua raws li kev ua txhaum ntawm kev hais lus ntawm qee pawg ntawm cov suab hais lus. Muaj xya tag nrho:
- rotacism - distortion ntawm suab [p] thiab [p'];
- lambdacism - [l] thiab [l'];
- sigmatism - [g], [w], [h], [u], as well as [s] - [s '] and [s] - [s '];
- jotacism - [th];
- cappacism - distortion of posterior sounds [k]-[k'], [g]-[g'], [x]-[x'];
- gammaism -[r] thiab [r'];
- hitism - [x] thiab [x'].
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov npe saum toj no, kev sib tw yog pawg neeg dav tshaj plaws. Qhov no yog vim qhov sib thooj ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov suab npe thaum lub suab. Yog li, cov qauv ntawm lub suab [s] - [h] thiab [w] - [g] yog tib yam (lawv txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib lub suab nyob rau hauv lub suab consonant).
Type of sigmatism
Pab pawg ua txhaum cai tau muab faib ua tsib pawg:
- Interdental sigmatism - tus nplaig siv qhov tsis ncaj ncees lawm ntawm cov hniav.
- Labio-dental - hais lus ua tiav nrog kev pab ntawm daim di ncauj thiab cov hniav.
- Sab - kwj ntawm huab cua tsis tawm los ntawm tus nplaig, tab sis raws ob sab.
- Toos - tus nplaig raug nias tawm tsam cov hniav sab sauv.
- Hissing - tus nplaig txav ntawm pem hauv ntej mus rau tom qab, ua rau lub suab tsis sib haum.
- Nasal - tus nplaig nruj thiab txav rov qab, nias tawm tsam lub larynx, coj cov cua ntws mus rau saum.
Cov npe ntawm hom qhia qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus cuam tshuam. Tab sis txawm hais tias muaj ntau yam kev ua txhaum cai, feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv. Nrog rau nws, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab yog distorted (xws li ploj mus thiab ib tug incomprehensible faint suab yog hnov) vim qhov chaw ntawm tus nplaig ntawm cov hniav. Yog hais tias, nrog rau qhov tseeb articulation, huab cua dhau los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus nplaig raws qhov zawj uas tsim nyob rau sab nraum qab ntawm tus nplaig, ces nws yuav tsis tuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug distorted txoj hauj lwm, uas ua rau lub suab nrov overtones.
Qhov muaj xws li kev hais lus tsis zoo hauv tus menyuam lossis hauv cov neeg laus yog vim muaj ntau yam organic thiab qee zaum coj cwj pwm. Yog li ntawd, kev kho ntawm interdentalSigmatism yuav tsum pib nrog kev txheeb xyuas ntawm txhua yam tsis zoo.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob raws sijhawm thiab raug
Nyob rau hauv kev kho kev hais lus niaj hnub no, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev hais lus tsis zoo yog suav tias yog txoj hauv kev nyuaj los ntawm logopsychology, pathopsychology, defectology, kev hais lus kho mob, sociology. Txoj hauv kev no yog vim qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hais lus tsis zoo raws li cov tsos mob lossis ua tus mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los txheeb xyuas nws thiab pib kho nws sai li sai tau.
Nrog kev loj hlob ib txwm muaj, tus menyuam hais txhua lub suab thiab cov lus thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos (sonor [r] thiab [l] yuav tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog plaub - qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb), tsis plam cov lus hauv cov lus hais, tsim cov kab lus nyuaj. Muaj cov ntawv teev npe (feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm phau ntawv sau rau hauv) ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, uas qhov tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov kev txawj ntse ntawm tus me nyuam yog staged, los ntawm lub hlis. Cov niam txiv tsuas yog yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas nrog nws ib ntus, thiab yog tias qee qhov kev txawj tsis tau tsim raws sijhawm, ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov no thiab nrhiav seb yog vim li cas. Feem ntau tus menyuam raug coj los rau hauv tsev, yog li tsis muaj leej twg qhia leej niam txog qhov tsim nyog ua hauv qhov xwm txheej no.
Yog tias kev loj hlob qeeb lossis ua txhaum txoj haujlwm pib tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb (tus kws kho menyuam yaus, kws kho mob hais lus, tus kws kho hlwb, yog tias tsim nyog, kws kho mob hlwb). Hauv 90% ntawm cov xwm txheej, kev kho raws sijhawm tso cai rau koj tsis nco qab txog qhov muaj qhov teeb meem thaum muaj hnub nyoog xya xyoo, thiab qee zaum txawm tias ntxov dua. Tab sis yog tias koj tsis nco lub sijhawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob no, ces koj yuav tau siv zog ntau dua, thiab qhov tshwm sim yuav tsis txaus siab.
Muaj peev xwm comorbid developmental disorders
Interdental sigmatism tuaj yeem yog cov tsos mob ntawm kev loj hlob tsis zoo xws li qhib tom thiab lwm yam kev txawv txav ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus apparatus, overgrown adenoids, hypotension ntawm cov leeg ntawm cov leeg hais lus (qhov no yog li cas dysarthria manifests nws tus kheej). Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej no, qhov ua rau ntawm kev hais lus tsis zoo yuav tsum raug tshem tawm ua ke nrog kev kho kom raug los ntawm tus kws kho hais lus. Yog tias tsis quav ntsej cov kab mob, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hais lus kho mob yuav tsis pom.
Yog tias cov teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho ntawm cov hniav kho hniav raug kho los ntawm tus kws kho hniav (nrog kev pab ntawm cov phaj thiab cov simulator tshwj xeeb), ces tus kws kho mob puas siab puas ntsws koom nrog kev kho mob dysarthria, uas feem ntau ntshai cov niam txiv. Hauv kev xyaum, tus kab mob dysarthria thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb xyoos los ntawm xya xyoo tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv ib txoj kev, yog tias tus menyuam raug kho kom raug thiab muab kev pabcuam kho raws sijhawm rau tus menyuam.
Interdental sigmatism feem ntau yog ib qho kev loj hlob tsis sib xws hauv cov kab mob xws li cerebral palsy, kev tsis txawj ntse, lag ntseg, dig muag. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txhua yam nyob ntawm seb lub complexity ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus (qhov ntau complex daim ntawv, qhov tsawg lub sij hawm rau kev kho) thiab kev txuag ntawm kev txawj ntse. Kev kho kev hais lus nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus no rub mus rau ntau xyoo thiab nce mus txog qib txaus siab ntau li ntau tau.
kho kom raug
Yog tias tus menyuam raug kuaj pom muaj kab mob hais lus, yog tias muaj tag nrho cov txiaj ntsigkev ntsuam xyuas tsim nyog tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum pib kho. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev, tag nrho cov ua tau pathogenic yam tshwm sim nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm nrog cov kws tshwj xeeb raug tshem tawm. Kho ntawm interdental sigmatism yog ua nyob rau hauv peb theem:
- Npaj. Nws txhais tau hais tias tsim kom muaj kev txhawb siab zoo, txhim kho kev txawj ntse ntawm lub suab tsom, kev npaj cov leeg ntawm tus nplaig, lub puab tsaig thiab daim di ncauj rau kev tsim cov suab.
- Tsim kom muaj tus qauv articulatory kom raug. Qhov no yog qhov chaw, automation thiab sib txawv ntawm lub suab nyob rau hauv syllables, cov lus sib txawv syllabic composition.
- Qhia cov suab rau hauv kev hais lus ywj pheej. Pom qhov tseeb ntawm lub suab hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib txuas lus.
Qhov no yog li cas kev kho lub suab hais lus zoo li nrog dyslalia - tsis muaj suab nrov tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm kev hnov lus thiab innervation ntawm cov cuab yeej hais lus. Nrog rau txoj hauv kev zoo, kev kho ntawm interdental hawb pob sigmatism raug kho nyob rau hauv peb mus rau tsib lub hlis nrog kev kho ntawm 2-3 lub suab. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem kav ntev li ib mus rau ob xyoos, yog tias yuav tsum tau kho 6-10 lub suab.
Yog hais tias interdental sigmatism yog ib tug kab mob concomitant, ces lub npe hu ua hauj lwm yog npaj nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog rau kho cov kab mob hauv qab. Piv txwv li, kho cov suab nrov rau dysarthria yuav muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
- Npaj. Nws yuav siv qhov chaw tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov kws kho mob, kho lub cev, zaws thiab suav nrog kev npaj cov cuab yeej hais lus, kev txhim kho kev hnov lus, muaj peev xwm tswj lub suab thiab ua pa, tsim cov phau ntawv txhais lus.
- Tsim cov kev txawj hais lus. Theem suav nrog kev khoKev ua txhaum ntawm kev hais lus apparatus, suab hais lus, suab apparatus thiab ua pa, tsim kom muaj kev txawj ntse nyob rau hauv lub suab tsom xam thiab synthesis, kev sib txuas lus.
Nyob rau hauv qhov no, tsim kev sib txuas lus kev txawj ntse tshwm sim nyob rau hauv parallel nrog rau thawj ob theem.
Speech therapy gymnastics
Kev siv zog rau kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej hais lus suav nrog kev cob qhia lub puab tsaig, daim di ncauj thiab tus nplaig. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm articulatory gymnastics nrog interdental sigmatism yuav zoo li no.
- "Ntsuag luag ntxhi": luag nyav nrog koj lub qhov ncauj kaw kom deb li deb tau los ntawm rub cov ces kaum ntawm koj daim di ncauj, thiab tom qab ntawd "rub koj daim di ncauj rau hauv lub raj" thiab qhia tias tus ntxhw haus dej li cas nrog nws lub cev. Rov ua txhua yam los ntawm qhov pib. Txhua qhov kev tawm dag zog tau ua 10 zaug ntawm tib lub sijhawm (qhov no tseem ceeb heev). Koj tuaj yeem siv tus metronome hauv chav kawm.
- "Knead lub khob noom cookie": zaws tus nplaig kom dav, so kom ntev nrog koj daim di ncauj, hais tias "tsib-tsib-tsib", ces koj tuaj yeem ua tib yam nrog koj cov hniav - "ta-ta-ta”.
- "Pancake": daim di ncauj luag ntxhi, tus nplaig dav nyob ntawm daim di ncauj "txias ntawm qhov rais." Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los saib xyuas qhov zoo li qub, tsis txhob tso cai rau kev txav mus los thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
- "Fence": ncab daim di ncauj hauv kev luag nyav, muab cov hniav sab sauv nrog cov qis, tsim ib qho " laj kab ". Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom kawm paub tuav lub puab tsaig nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no tsawg kawg yog 10 vib nas this.
- "Tus miv npau taws": daim di ncauj hauv luag nyav, so ntawm tus nplaig ntawm cov hniav hauv qab thiab hloov pauv ("tus miv arched nws nraub qaum rau hauv arc") thiab qis dua ("tus miv calmed down”) rov qab tus nplaig. Hauv qhov kev tawm dag zog no, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau saib xyuaskev sib dhos thiab sib txuas ntawm tus nplaig nrog kev txav ntawm metronome pendulum.
- "Swing": thawj qhov chaw ntawm daim di ncauj yog luag nyav, "tus nplaig caij viav vias" hauv qab metronome. Ua ntej, tus nplaig dav kaw daim di ncauj qis nrog nws lub ntsis, thiab tom qab ntawd daim di ncauj sab sauv. Kev txav mus los yog rov ua dua, thawj zaug ntawm qeeb qeeb, mus txog kaum zaug.
- "Xaiv cov hniav qis": nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm tus nplaig, hla cov hniav los ntawm sab nraud, tso tus nplaig rau hauv "lub hnab tshos" nruab nrab ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab cov hniav. Tus nplaig yuav tsum "huv" tag nrho cov hniav ntawm lub puab tsaig sab. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg ntawm tus nplaig, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev tawm dag zog "huv cov hniav sab sauv" (cov kev txav yog tib yam nrog cov hniav hauv qab).
- "Tube": tsa ob sab ntawm tus nplaig nce, thiab txo qis rov qab. Koj yuav tau txais ib zawj los ntawm cov cua uas tau cua tshuab mus ntev.
Cov kev tawm dag zog tuaj yeem sib txawv thiab, nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus menyuam lub cuab yeej hais lus, ntxiv rau lwm tus. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias kev tshem tawm ntawm interdental sigmatism ib txwm pib nrog kev hais lus kho gymnastics - qhov no yog axiom.
Lub sijhawm npaj tseem txuas ntxiv mus ntev npaum li nws yuav siv sijhawm los nqa cov cuab yeej hais lus rau hauv kev ua haujlwm. Nws txhais tau hais tias kev tswj hwm ntawm tus nplaig, lub puab tsaig, daim di ncauj, lub peev xwm tuav tus nplaig hauv ib txoj hauj lwm tsawg kawg tsib vib nas this. Tsuas yog tom qab ncav cuag qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nws tuaj yeem txav mus rau theem tom ntej.
Sound production
Tsis muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom tus menyuam xav tau kev sib txuas lus hauv tus menyuam. Tsuas yog peb:
- imitation - ua yeeb yamkws kho mob hais lus;
- mechanical - txoj kev yog tsim los ntawm kev pab ntawm kev hais lus kho probes lossis cov khoom hloov pauv (feem ntau yog paj rwb swabs);
- mixed - ua ke ntawm thawj ob txoj hauv kev.
Thaum teeb tsa lub suab [s] nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv, koj tuaj yeem nkaum qhov kawg ntawm tus nplaig hauv qab cov hniav hauv qab, muab spatula lossis paj rwb swab rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm tus nplaig (ua qhov zawj) thiab nug tus menyuam kaw cov hniav nrog ib " laj kab ". Nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm no, tus me nyuam tshuab cua tshuab rau pem hauv ntej thiab tswj los ntawm pob ntseg uas lub suab tau hais, nco txog lub suab raug.
Cov txheej txheem no yog siv yog tias qhov yooj yim dua tsis tau ua tiav. Rov ua exhalation yuav tsum yog 5-6 zaug kom tsis txhob overworking tus me nyuam. Tom qab luv luv (hloov hom kev ua si), koj tuaj yeem rov qab mus rau qhov chaw thiab sib sau ua ke qhov tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, kev txais tos yog nqa nrog thiab tsis muaj spatula nyob rau hauv kev tswj tsis tau nkees ntawm hnov.
Yog hais tias lub suab ntawm tag nrho cov whistling thiab hissing suab yog impaired, ces qhov kho pib nrog kev teeb tsa [s] nrog interdental sigmatism. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau "sau nrog cov duab" cov txheej txheem staging thiab ua zaj lus qhia, yog tias ua tau rau hauv txoj kev ua si. Raws li kev xyaum qhia, qhov pom kev sib piv ntau dua uas tus menyuam muaj hauv zaj lus qhia, qhov kev kho sai dua yuav tshwm sim.
Ib txoj hauv kev zoo yog los sau cov txheej txheem ntawm zaj lus qhia ua MP3, yog tias ua tau, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm zaj lus qhia, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog tus menyuam tham txog dab tsi tshwm sim thiab yog vim li cas.
Qhov kev ua yeeb yam xaus nkaus thaum tus menyuam hais lub suab kom raug hauv txhua lub xeev thiab ntau zaus raws li qhov xav tau. Tom qab ntawdkho ntawm interdental sigmatism ntawm hawb pob txav mus rau theem tshiab - automation.
qhia suab rau hauv kev hais lus
Automation ntawm ib lub suab ua raws li tib txoj kev npaj, ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus "los ntawm yooj yim mus rau complex". Kev taw qhia ntawm lub suab rau hauv kev hais lus nrog interdental whistling sigmatism tshwm sim raws li hauv qab no.
Sound automation:
- hauv cov lus ncaj qha (piv txwv li, - sa, -so);
- hauv cov lus rov qab (-as, -os);
- nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm txoj hauj lwm intervocalic (-asa, -oso);
- nyob rau hauv syllables nrog confluence ntawm consonants (–stra, -arst);
- thaum pib ntawm ib lo lus (tus tub, miv);
- kawg ntawm ib lo lus (tom, ramp);
- hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib lo lus (wasp, mustache);
- nyob rau hauv cov lus nrog confluence ntawm consonants (tsev, qhov ncauj);
- hauv cov lus thiab kab lus (sauce; plum vaj tig xiav);
- hauv cov lus pov thawj thiab tus nplaig twister;
- nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm ib tug complex syllabic siv (nalistniks, accomplice).
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov niam txiv nyob rau theem no tsuas yog nce. Rau qhov ceev automation ntawm lub suab, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob qaug zog auditory tswj ib feeb, thiab qhov no tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg laus tseem ceeb.
kho lub suab yog ua raws li qhov yooj yim rau tus menyuam. Qee cov khoom tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txog kaum zaug, thiab qee lub suab nrov tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau los ntawm ob peb ntu.
Nrog interdental sigmatism ntawm hissing suab, tag nrho cov theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog whistling suab rov qab, nrog rau qhov sib txawv tsuas yog hais tias lub suab yuav tsum tau ua raws li lub anatomical qauv ntawm tus me nyuam hais lus apparatus thiab complexity.kev ua txhaum cai.
suab lus
Kev kho hais lus niaj hnub muaj cov khoom siv hais lus dav dav rau txhua lub hnub nyoog thiab saj. Ntxiv nrog rau cov ntawv sau ntawm tus nplaig twisters, tus nplaig twisters, cov lus pov thawj, muaj ntau yam "speech notebooks" tsim los pab tus menyuam hauv kev paub nws cov lus ib txwm muaj. Nrhiav khoom rau ib tug me nyuam yuav tsis nyuaj.
Cov niam txiv yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias yog tus kws kho mob hais lus qhia kom koom nrog qee qhov nyiaj pub dawb, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob, tawm tsam tus kws tshaj lij, yuav phau ntawv hauv khw muag khoom yooj yim. Lub siab ntawm niam thiab txiv kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig rau tus menyuam yog ib nrab ntawm kev ua tiav, thiab kev sib koom ua ke nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus, raws li txoj cai, yog kev vam meej.
Zoo kawg
Txawm li cas los xij "ntshai" thiab cov ntsiab lus kho cov lus hais txawv txawv, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai lawv. Lawv feem ntau yog Latin los yog Greek keeb kwm, yog li lawv cov suab paj nruag tsis zoo nkauj heev.
Raws li qhov pom ntawm kev nce qib hauv kev hais lus pathologist cov menyuam yaus muaj hnub nyoog sib txawv, yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm niam txiv, kev tswj hwm thiab kev txhawb nqa, tus menyuam yuav tsis muaj peev xwm ua tiav.
