Tsis yog txhua tus tuaj yeem teb tias Bacillus subtilis yog dab tsi. Txawm li cas los xij, peb feem coob yeej paub zoo txog tus tsiaj no. Leej twg puas tau nqa cov nyom tshiab tshiab tau pom ib qho xim dawb hauv qab nws. Qhov no yog cov kab mob Bacillus subtilis. Cov kab mob no, txawv txawv nyob rau hauv qhov, yog Ameslikas loj hlob nyob rau hauv tawg quav nyab. Yog vim li cas peb thiaj hu ua hay stick.
Microbiological "model"
Ntau ceg ntawm biology muaj lawv tus kheej "qauv" kab mob, uas dhau los ua lub ntsiab ntawm kev kawm thiab kev sim. Piv txwv li, hauv cov noob caj noob ces, Drosophila txiv hmab txiv ntoo yoov tau dhau los ua cov kab mob, hauv microbiology ntawm protozoa - cov khau ciliate, thiab hauv cov kab mob - Bacillus subtilis.
Ua tsaug rau cov kab mob no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntawm cov kab mob flagellar tau raug kawm kom ntxaws. Molecular biologists yog thawj tus los txiav txim lub genome ntawm tus kab mob no.
Hnub no, Bacillus subtilis tau loj hlob hauv qhov hnyav thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov genome ntawm cov pejxeem tab tom kawm. Hauv qhov chaw biologyirradiated nrog cosmic ultraviolet thiab tshawb nrhiav nws lub peev xwm kom ciaj sia nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob nyob ze rau cov nyob rau Mars.
Short description
Cov quav nyab tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv 1835 los ntawm German biologist Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (1795-1876). Cov bacillus loj hlob zoo ntawm quav nyab extract, uas yog vim li cas nws tau txais thawj feem ntawm lub npe. Outwardly, cov no yog cov kab mob zoo li tus pas nrig, yog li lawv hu ua rods.
Cov no yog cov kab mob loj heev (ntev txog 0.008 hli, txoj kab uas hla 0.0006 hli), uas tuaj yeem pom txawm tias nyob hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv lub tshuab tsom. Bacillus subtilis muaj ntau tus flagella ntawm lub cell membrane.
Cov kab mob mobile no yog aerobes (lawv xav tau cov pa oxygen hauv huab cua kom ntseeg tau tias lawv cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb). Tab sis qee hom kab mob (kev cog qoob loo cog qoob loo homogeneous pawg) tuaj yeem ua facultative anaerobes.
Qhov kub zoo rau cov quav nyab yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 25 txog 30 degrees Celsius. Tab sis lawv yuav muaj sia nyob ntawm -5 thiab ntawm +150 degrees, ua tsaug rau kev tsim cov spores.
Khoom noj khoom haus thiab kev faib tawm
Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, Bacillus subtilis nyob hauv av, tab sis pom muaj nyob hauv dej thiab hmoov av. Cov kab mob no yog ib feem ntawm cov microflora ntawm peb txoj hnyuv thiab kab mob plab ntawm cov tsiaj.
Cov no yog cov kab mob saprophytic, lawv noj cov organic residues. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog rau lawv yog polysaccharides raws li qabzib ntawm zaub (cellulose thiab starch) thiab tsiaj (glycogen) keeb kwm.
Cov khoom lag luam metabolic ntawm cov quav nyab bacillus yog cov amino acids, vitamins, ntau yam enzymes, tshuaj tua kab mob. Tus txiv neej tau kawm ntev los siv cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob hauv nws cov dej num.
Zoo ntawm biochemistry
Cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov quav nyab muaj xws li lawv lub peev xwm ua kom cov kua qaub ntawm ib puag ncig thiab tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob.
Cov kab mob no yog cov antagonists rau cov kab mob fungi, salmonella, amoeba Proteus thiab dysentery, strepto- thiab staphylococci.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub neej, quav nyab bacilli synthesize amino acids, tshuaj tua kab mob, enzymes thiab immunoactive tshuaj. Niaj hnub no, cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob no yog siv los tsim cov enzymes, tshuaj tua kab mob, cov khoom siv roj ntsha (cov ntxhiab tsw zoo, cov khoom noj ntxiv), tshuaj tua kab.
Yuav ua li cas cog qoob loo
Hauv Petri tais diav, cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov bacilli zoo li wrinkled pancakes nrog wavy npoo ntawm cov xim dawb los yog pinkish xim, qhuav thiab velvety qauv.
Nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam, quav nyab bacillus hom yog cog rau ntawm nqaij-peptone broth los yog agar, khoom siv dag zog, los yog nyob rau hauv ib yam khoom uas muaj cov seem ntawm cov nroj tsuag kab mob.
Nyob rau hauv tsev, nws yog txaus rau boil zoo tib yam quav nyab thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qhov chaw sov so rau 1-2 hnub. Nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov dej infusion, ib zaj duab xis yuav tshwm tsuas yog los ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov quav nyab bacillus. Tag nrho lwm cov kab mob yuav tuag thaum boiled.
NkaujCov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm microbiota ntawm lub plab, quav nyab bacillus txhawb kev decomposition ntawm complex polysaccharides (cellulose), lov cov proteins, thiab pab txhawb rau inhibition ntawm pathogenic microflora.
Hauv qhov txhab qhib ntawm tib neeg lub cev, cov kab mob no zais cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov enzymes uas ua rau cov nqaij tuag. Nws twb tau ua pov thawj tias cov kab mob no muaj qhov tsis zoo rau cov kab mob pathogenic thaum lub sijhawm phais mob (Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus).
Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yog cov kab mob pathogenic, vim tias lawv muaj peev xwm tsis zoo rau tib neeg:
- Tswj yuav ua rau muaj pob khaus.
- Ua rau zaub mov lom thaum noj zaub mov tsis zoo.
- Yuav ua rau mob qhov muag.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm tib neeg siv, cov kab mob muaj kev txaus siab rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm ob lo lus nug:
- Yuav ua li cas pab tau peb.
- Yuav ua li cas lawv ua phem rau peb.
Kev koom tes ntawm tib neeg nrog quav nyab tau pib ntev dhau los. Niaj hnub no, microbiologists tau loj hlob ntau hom kab mob bacillus no nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov kab mob no yog siv rau hauv kev tsim qoob loo, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev tsim tshuaj, kev tswj cov khib nyiab nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev lag luam ntsuab.
Bacilli hauv tshuaj
Biochemical yam ntxwv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv tau cov kab mob no hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj. Bacillus subtilis, raws li pharmacological yam ntxwv, hais txog:
- Antidiarrheals.
- Immunomodulators.
Kev npaj raws li cov quav nyab bacillus ("Sporobacterin", "Bactisubtil", "Biosporin") yog tshuaj rau dysbacteriosis ntawm txoj hnyuv thiab qhov chaw mos, nyob rau lub sij hawm postoperative nrog purulent teeb meem.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov txog contraindications, lub ntsiab ntawm uas yog hypersensitivity lossis intolerance rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj.
Cov kab mob no kuj tau siv dav hauv kev noj zaub mov.
Lwm daim ntawv thov
Nyob rau hauv qoob loo, kev npaj ntau tshaj plaws raws li cov quav nyab bacillus yog "Fitosporin". Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tawm tsam cov kab mob fungal thiab kab mob ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem noj tau txawm tias hnub twg lawv tau txau nrog tshuaj.
Hauv kev ua tsiaj txhu, qhov peculiarity ntawm quav nyab sticks yog siv los ferment cellulose, uas ua rau kom zoo dua nqus ntawm carbohydrates los ntawm cov tsiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, tshuaj tua kab mob raws li tus pas no tau siv dav hauv kev ua tsiaj txhu, ua liaj ua teb nqaij qaib, thiab ua liaj ua teb ntses.
Proteases thiab amylases, cov enzymes ntawm quav nyab bacillus, yog kev lag luam tsim thiab siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, tanning thiab ntxuav kev npaj.
Muaj ib hom kab mob uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb nqaim heev. Piv txwv li, lawv tau siv los ua Japanese soybean-based natto.
Npaj rau yav tom ntej
Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm noob caj noob ces kuj ua tsis tau yam tsis muajkab mob. Thiab cov quav nyab tsis yog qhov kawg hauv cov npe ntawm "cov qauv" rau kev tsim cov kab mob transgenic.
Peb tau sau txog kev pab hauv kev tshawb nrhiav chaw.
Hnub no, kev kawm txog kev faib cov quav nyab bacillus hauv cov xwm txheej tau nquag txhim kho los ntawm qhov pom ntawm ib puag ncig kev nyab xeeb. Muaj twb tau ua hauj lwm los ntsuam xyuas lub xeev ntawm ib puag ncig raws li correlation ntawm kev faib ntawm no cim microorganism nyob rau hauv lub ecotope.
