Cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau ua ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no

Cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau ua ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no
Cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau ua ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no
Anonim

Hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab ntau txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb tshuaj. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog yus muaj los ntawm tej yam khoom xws li zoo hluav taws xob conductivity, gloss, thermal conductivity. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pab pawg sib cais tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm uas yuav txawv heev. Qee qhov txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv no tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub tswvyim xws li "kev ua haujlwm hlau."

Kev ua yeeb yam series ntawm cov hlau
Kev ua yeeb yam series ntawm cov hlau

Metals, raws li koj paub, yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lawv muab cov hluav taws xob dawb. Lawv lub peev xwm electrode nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov nuj nqis no tau ua lub hauv paus rau kev tsim ib tug series ntawm cov hlau stresses - ib tug kuj conditional ib theem zuj zus uas characterizes lub peev xwm ntawm ib lub caij los teb rau tej yam khoom.

Voltage ntau yam ntawm cov hlau
Voltage ntau yam ntawm cov hlau

Convention ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhua lub hauv paus hauv kabua raws los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kub thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj lawv coj ntau dua los yog tsawg zog. Qhov nruab nrab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsuas tau tshwm sim ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 25 degrees Celsius thiab roj siab ntawm ib qho chaw. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no uas cov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov hlau siv rau hauv daim ntawv uas paub zoo rau txhua tus los ntawm chav kawm chemistry.

Los ntawm tag nrho cov ntsuas no ua raws tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Ua ntej, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem pab peb kwv yees li cas qee cov ntsiab lus yuav coj tus cwj pwm thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv: cov uas nyob rau sab laug hauv ib theem zuj zus yuav hloov cov uas nyob rau sab xis ntawm lawv. Qhov thib ob, yog tias lub caij nyob rau sab laug ntawm hydrogen, lub peev xwm electrode uas feem ntau suav tias yog xoom, ces nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv ntawm cov kua qaub. Qhov no siv tshwj xeeb rau lithium, sodium, potassium thiab lwm yam alkaline ntsiab. Thaum kawg, qhov thib peb, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau yog kev pabcuam zoo hauv kev tsim cov galvanic hlwb: qhov sib nrug ntawm cov ntsiab lus nyob hauv nws, qhov siab dua qhov hluav taws xob muaj peev xwm ntawm lawv yuav tshwm sim.

Tension series ntawm hlau
Tension series ntawm hlau

Nws yog qhov tseeb ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov hlau dab tsi cuam tshuam ib leeg los ntawm kev daws ntsev uas tus kws tshawb fawb Lavxias zoo tshaj Beketov tau sau nws lub rooj nto moo. Lub rooj no tau raug kho me ntsis tom qab thiab ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus rau qhov tau paub tias yog "kev ua haujlwm hlau" rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo.

Nws yog qhov nthuav txaus los sib piv qee cov qauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm Lub Sijhawm Sijhawm thiab qhov noua ntu zus. Yog li, raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mendeleev, cov poov tshuaj yuav tsum muaj zog dua li sodium thiab lithium, tab sis cov nro series muab cov duab sib txawv kiag li. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no yog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus uas underlie cov sequences. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub zog ionization ntawm atoms, thiab Beketov ib ntus qhia txog kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua kom hloov ib lossis lwm lub ntsiab lus los ntawm lub xeev ruaj khov rau cov txheej txheem ions hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov tshuaj aqueous.

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