Tsiaj, zoo li txhua yam kab mob, nyob ntawm ntau theem ntawm lub koom haum. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog cellular, thiab nws cov neeg sawv cev yog cov amoeba proteus. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov qauv thiab lub neej yuav raug txiav txim siab ntxiv hauv qab no.
Subkingdom Unicellular
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias pawg txheej txheem no koom ua ke cov tsiaj thaum ntxov tshaj plaws, nws cov tsiaj sib txawv twb mus txog 70 hom. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov no yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov no tsuas yog cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog xav txog: ib qho, qee zaum microscopic, cell muaj peev xwm ua tiav tag nrho cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb: ua pa, txav mus los, rov ua dua. Amoeba Proteus (daim duab qhia nws cov duab nyob rau hauv lub teeb tsom iav) yog ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm Protozoa subkingdom. Nws qhov ntev NW nyuam qhuav ncav cuag 20 microns.
Amoeba proteus: chav kawm ntawm protozoa
Lub npe tshwj xeeb ntawm tus tsiaj no ua tim khawv rau qib ntawm nws lub koom haum, vim tias proteus txhais tau tias "yooj yim". Tab sis yog tus tsiaj no primitive li? Amoeba Proteus yogib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm ib chav kawm ntawm cov kab mob uas txav mus los ntawm kev pab los ntawm kev tsis mus tas li outgrowths ntawm cytoplasm. Cov qe ntshav tsis muaj xim uas tsim kev tiv thaiv tib neeg kuj txav mus rau hauv txoj kev zoo sib xws. Lawv hu ua leukocytes. Lawv cov yam ntxwv txav yog hu ua amoeboid.
Nyob hauv ib puag ncig twg amoeba Proteus nyob
Cov kab mob no yooj yim nyiam nyob hauv dej tshiab thiab ntsev. Waterlogging tej yam kev mob yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau nws, txij li thaum tus txheej txheem ntawm lwj implies lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab mob uas cov kab mob no yooj yim pub rau. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov tsos mob dysentery zoo nkaus li nyob hauv tib neeg txoj hnyuv lumen. Thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, tej zaum yuav zoo li hais tias qhov no yog ib hom kab mob parasitic. Tab sis qhov kev xav no yuav yuam kev. Nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, nws pub rau ntau yam kab mob thiab tsis ua mob rau ib tug neeg. Tab sis yog tias cov hnyuv raug cuam tshuam, amoeba nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha thiab pib noj cov qe ntshav liab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, rwj nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa. Koj tuaj yeem kis tus kab mob dysenteric amoeba los ntawm kev haus dej nyoos, zaub qias neeg thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Lub amoeba Proteus nyob hauv cov dej qias neeg tsis muaj kev phom sij rau leej twg. Qhov chaw nyob no yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws, txij li cov protozoan ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Lub tsev nta
Amoeba Proteus yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov chav kawm, lossis theej sub-kingdom of Unicellular. Nws qhov loj me nyuam qhuav ncav cuag 0.05 mm. Nrog rau qhov muag liab qab, nws tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm NW nyuam qhuavpom tau tias zoo li jelly pob. Tab sis tag nrho cov organelles tseem ceeb ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes yuav pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ib lub teeb tsom iav ntawm qhov siab magnification.
Cov khoom siv saum npoo ntawm amoeba Proteus cell yog sawv cev los ntawm cov cell membrane, uas muaj elasticity zoo heev. Sab hauv yog cov ntsiab lus semi-kua - lub cytoplasm. Nws txav txhua lub sijhawm, ua rau tsim cov pseudopods. Amoeba yog ib hom tsiaj eukaryotic. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws cov khoom siv caj ces muaj nyob hauv lub nucleus.
Kev txav ntawm protozoa
Amoeba Proteus txav li cas? Qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tsis tu ncua ntawm cov cytoplasm. Nws txav, tsim ib tug protrusion. Thiab ces lub cytoplasm smoothly ntws mus rau hauv lub cell. Cov pseudopods thim rov qab thiab tsim lwm qhov. Vim li no, amoeba proteus tsis muaj lub cev zoo li qub.
Khoom noj
Amoeba proteus muaj peev xwm ntawm phago- thiab pinocytosis. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nqus los ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kua dej, feem. Nws pub rau microscopic algae, kab mob thiab zoo li protozoa. Amoeba proteus (daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntes cov zaub mov) nyob ib puag ncig lawv nrog nws cov pseudopods. Tom ntej no, cov zaub mov yog nyob rau hauv lub cell. Ib tug digestive vacuole pib tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Ua tsaug rau digestive enzymes, particles yog tawg, absorbed los ntawm lub cev, thiab undigested residues raug tshem tawm los ntawm daim nyias nyias. Los ntawm phagocytosis, cov ntshav leukocytes rhuav tshem cov kab mob uas nkag mus rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj lub cev txhua lub sijhawm. Yog cov hlwb no tsis tiv thaivYog li cov kab mob no, lub neej yuav tsis yooj yim sua.
Ntxiv rau cov khoom noj tshwj xeeb organelles, suav nrog kuj tuaj yeem pom hauv cytoplasm. Cov no yog cov qauv tsis tas li ntawm tes. Lawv khaws cia hauv cytoplasm thaum muaj cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau qhov no. Thiab lawv tau siv thaum muaj qhov xav tau tseem ceeb rau nws. Cov no yog cov nplej ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cov tee ntawm lipids.
ua pa
Amoeba Proteus, zoo li txhua yam kab mob unicellular, tsis muaj cov organelles tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem ua pa. Nws siv oxygen yaj hauv dej los yog lwm yam kua thaum nws los txog rau amoebas uas nyob hauv lwm yam kab mob. Gas pauv tshwm sim los ntawm qhov chaw apparatus ntawm amoeba. Lub cell membrane yog permeable rau oxygen thiab carbon dioxide.
Reproduction
Kev sib deev yog ib yam rau amoeba. Namely, cell faib nyob rau hauv ob. Cov txheej txheem no tsuas yog nqa tawm thaum lub caij sov. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob peb theem. Ua ntej, lub nucleus faib. Nws yog stretched, sib cais los ntawm constriction. Yog li ntawd, ob lub nuclei zoo tib yam yog tsim los ntawm ib lub nucleus. Lub cytoplasm nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog torn sib nrug. Nws cov seem cais nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nuclei, tsim ob lub hlwb tshiab. Lub contractile vacuole nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm lawv, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam nws tsim tshwm sim dua. Kev faib tawm tshwm sim los ntawm mitosis, yog li cov ntxhais cell yog ib daim qauv ntawm niam txiv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm amoeba reproduction tshwm sim heev intensive: ob peb zaug ib hnub twg. Yog li lub neej ntawm txhua tus neeg yog luv heev.
Kev tswj hwm
Ntau cov amoebas nyob hauv ib puag ncig dej. Ib tug npaum li cas ntawm ntsev yog yaj nyob rau hauv nws. Ntau tsawg ntawm cov tshuaj no hauv cytoplasm ntawm qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, cov dej yuav tsum ntws los ntawm thaj chaw uas muaj ntau dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom mus rau qhov opposite. Cov no yog cov cai ntawm physics. Hauv qhov no, lub cev ntawm amoeba yuav tsum tawg los ntawm cov dej noo ntau dhau. Tab sis qhov no tsis tshwm sim vim qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tshwj xeeb contractile vacuoles. Lawv tshem tawm cov dej ntau dhau nrog cov ntsev yaj hauv nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv muab homeostasis - tswj qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub cev.
cyst yog dab tsi
Amoeba proteus, zoo li lwm yam protozoa, tau yoog raws txoj hauv kev tshwj xeeb rau kev paub txog cov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Nws lub cell nres noj, kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb txo, cov metabolism nres. Cov amoeba nres kev faib. Nws yog them nrog lub plhaub ntom thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no endures lub sij hawm tsis zoo ntawm txhua lub sijhawm. Qhov no tshwm sim tsis tu ncua txhua lub caij nplooj zeeg, thiab nrog rau qhov pib ntawm tshav kub, ib tug kab mob unicellular pib ua pa, noj thiab ntau. Tib yam tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub caij sov nrog qhov pib ntawm drought. Kev tsim cov cysts muaj lwm lub ntsiab lus. Nws nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, lub amoeba nqa cua hla qhov kev ncua deb, nyob rau hauv no lom hom.
Kev ntxhov siab
Tau kawg, hais txog lub paj hlwb hauv cov protozoaunicellular hais lus tsis mus, vim hais tias lawv lub cev muaj tsuas yog ib tug cell. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej no ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob nyob hauv amoeba Proteus tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm tsheb tavxij. Lo lus no txhais tau hais tias teb rau qhov kev txiav txim ntawm stimuli ntawm ntau yam. Tej zaum lawv yuav zoo. Piv txwv li, ib qho amoeba kom meej meej txav mus rau cov khoom noj. Qhov tshwm sim no, qhov tseeb, tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov reflexes ntawm cov tsiaj. Piv txwv ntawm cov tsheb tavxij tsis zoo yog kev txav ntawm amoeba proteus los ntawm lub teeb ci, los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm salinity siab lossis cov neeg kho tshuab stimuli. Qhov peev xwm no feem ntau tiv thaiv.
Yog li, amoeba proteus yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm sub-kingdom Protozoa lossis Unicellular. Cov tsiaj no yog cov feem ntau primitively teem. Lawv lub cev muaj ib lub xovtooj ntawm tes, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm ua tau lub luag haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob: ua pa, noj, sib npaug, txav, teb rau kev khaus thiab tsis zoo ib puag ncig. Amoeba proteus yog ib feem ntawm cov ecosystems ntawm cov dej tshiab thiab ntsev, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv lwm yam kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws yog ib tug koom nyob rau hauv lub voj voog ntawm cov khoom thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws link nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov saw, yog lub hauv paus ntawm plankton nyob rau hauv ntau lub cev dej.
