Mammals yog cov tsiaj uas muaj kev loj hlob thiab vam meej tshaj plaws ntawm txhua tus neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg paub thiab muaj sia nyob yog txog 5,500, thiab yog tias peb suav nrog cov uas tau ploj mus - 20 txhiab. Raws li ob peb niaj hnub taxonomists, cov chav kawm unites 26-29 xaj. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Mammalia tau kis mus rau txhua qhov chaw.
Nqaij yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj txhu. Nws tsis yog lus dag, tab sis tam sim no 2277 hom tau piav qhia los ntawm cov kws kho tsiaj, thiab qhov no yog ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov tsiaj thiab thawj tsiaj. Cov nas tsuag tau kis thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog Antarctica thiab qee cov Islands tuaj. Lawv tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov kab mob txaus ntshai thiab kab tsuag, tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov plaub hau, ib qho khoom ntawm kev nuv ntses thiab kev tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam. Lawv lub luag hauj lwm hauv ecosystems yog qhov tsis meej thiab ntau yam, thaum kev paub ntawm tib neeg feem ntau tsuas yog txwv rau "kev paub" xwb. nrog nas thiab nas.
yam ntxwv dav dav
Rodentia yogLub npe Latin ntawm ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg, nws txhais tau tias "gnaw, gnaw." Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm tag nrho cov nas yog ib tug khub ntawm incisors loj nyob rau hauv qis thiab sab puab tsaig, nrog rau ib tug diastema, piv txwv li ib tug disproportionately sib txawv ntawm lawv.
Nqaij tsis loj. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws yog nas - los ntawm 5 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, qhov loj tshaj plaws yog capybaras (daim duab hauv qab no), mus txog 130 cm, tab sis, raws li txoj cai, txog 50 cm. Ntxiv mus, tus Tsov tus tw yog feem ntau ntev dua lub cev. Hauv qee hom, xws li guinea npua, nws tsis tuaj. Cov duab ntawm cov ceg thiab lub cev yog nyob ntawm txoj kev ua neej thiab tuaj yeem sib txawv heev. Dhia cov ntaub ntawv (jerboas) tau tsim muaj zog hind ob txhais ceg. Cov kab mob burrowing muaj lub cev zoo li lub cev thiab muaj claws ntawm forelimbs (moles, shrews). Gliding hom (flying squirrel) have a lateral skin fold.
Raws li twb tau hais lawm, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm ntau qhov kev sib cais hauv chav kawm ntawm cov tsiaj nyeg yog ib khub ntawm incisors ntawm lub puab tsaig qis thiab sab sauv. Cov incisors tas li sib tsoo thiab loj hlob, lawv tsis muaj cag. Tshwj xeeb, hauv beavers (daim duab hauv qab no), lawv qhov kev loj hlob nce mus txog 0.8 hli ib hnub. Tsis muaj canines thiab incisors raug cais los ntawm cov molars me me los ntawm qhov deb - diastema.
Kev ua neej & noj zaub mov
Feem ntau, cov nas ua si thaum hmo ntuj lossis thaum tsaus ntuj. Lawv nyob hauv ob pawg loj txog ntau pua tus neeg (liab qab mole nas), thiab ib leeg. Lawv tau paub txhua qhov chaw nyob, suav nrogxov tooj thiab cua.
Ntau yam ntawm hom tsiaj uas ntau tshaj plaws yog tsiaj txhu. Nyob ntawm lub caij thiab chaw nyob, lawv noj txhua qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag: bark, nplooj, stems, noob, keeb kwm thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Tseem muaj omnivorous hom (dormouse, nas, mole nas), uas nws cov zaub mov muaj xws li kab, worms, me vertebrates, noog qe.
Meaning of nas
Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm hom tsiaj nyob hauv ntiaj teb yog nas. Nws yog qhov laj thawj uas lawv ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv ecosystems. Cov nas yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov zaub mov rau cov tsiaj nyeg, cov cheeb tsam tau rov ua dua tas li vim kev loj hlob sai. Cov nas ib txwm npaj ua niam txiv sai li sai tau thaum cov menyuam yug los, thiab cev xeeb tub yuav kav li 25 hnub.
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj loj tshaj plaws tau nrog txiv neej txij thaum immemorial, yog li lawv qhov tseem ceeb hauv peb lub neej yog ntau haiv neeg:
- Tshawb nrhiav chaw. Kev yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kev tsim tawm siab tau ua rau cov nas tsuag tsim nyog rau kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj.
- Kab mob vectors (bubonic plague, listeria, toxoplasmosis, zuam-borne encephalitis, thiab lwm yam).
- Pets. Muaj ntau hom nas nyob hauv tsev: nas, nas, hamsters, chinchillas, guinea npua.
- Ntawm plaub. Ntau tus nas yog tsiaj qus vim lawv lub teeb thiab qab ntxiag rau cov plaub hau (chinchilla, squirrel).
Nqaij hauv Phau Ntawv Liab
BCov nas hauv qab no tau teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia: tarbagan, dej beaver, black-capped marmot, Manchurian zokor, loj mole nas, daj pied. Cov tsiaj no raug lees paub tias muaj kev phom sij thiab muaj kev phom sij. Qhov no feem ntau yog vim tib neeg kev lag luam.
Soni (polkok, vaj thiab hazel lossis mushlovka), squirrel ya (daim duab), hamster thiab pom hauv av squirrel yog nas muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Tebchaws Belarus. Qhov kev txiav txim loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsiaj hauv tebchaws Belarus yog sawv cev los ntawm tsuas yog 26 hom, thiab rau ntawm lawv xav tau kev tiv thaiv.
Hauv Ukraine, Phau Ntawv Liab suav nrog: squirrel av (Podolsky, European thiab speckled), mole nas (Bukovinsky, Podolsky, xuab zeb thiab dawb-toothed), loj jerboa, hom eumaranchik, nas (Straanda, steppe, tsaus nti. thiab hav zoov), hamster (grey thiab ntau), vole (Tatra thiab daus), hom mole vole, steppe pied, vaj dormouse.
