Ecological kev kawm ntawm preschoolers yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm GEF. Tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm kev hwm rau cov xwm txheej ntawm haiv neeg, kev txhim kho kev txuag dej - tag nrho cov no suav nrog hauv kev kawm ntxiv hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Objectives and concepts
Kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool raws li GEF yuav tsum pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb. Ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb uas tsim los rau cov menyuam yaus yog siv los ntawm ntau tus kws qhia preschool.
Nws zoo li cas? Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool siv cov piv txwv nkag siab.
Tus cwj pwm ua siab ntev rau qhov ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm tus cwj pwm hauv cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool, lawv kev sib raug zoo.
Ecological kev kawm ntawm preschoolers tso cai rau koj hloov lawv tus cwj pwm ntawm xwm. Cov kws qhia ntawv yuav tsum qhia qee qhov kev ua siab ntev, siv qhov kev qhia meej ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau tiv nrog cov haujlwm uas tau teem tseg los ntawm cov qauv kev kawm tshiab.
haujlwm tshwj xeeb
Kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool suav nrog kev tsim lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua, muaj peev xwm paub txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua ub no.
Yuav kom tau txais txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws, cov kws qhia ntawv siv ntau yam piv txwv. Nrog kev txawj ntse ntawm kev hais lus, kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, peb tuaj yeem tham txog kev tsim kom muaj txiaj ntsig hauv lub siab ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool.
History
Kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev tau tshwm sim nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Soviet psychologists tau tham txog qhov yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ntau yam kev paub, txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tsis muaj lub hauv paus txaus: phau ntawv kawm, phau ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia uas yuav pab txhawb kev siv lub tswv yim.
Tom qab kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool, ib txoj hauv kev rau kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool tau tsim, uas tau tswj xyuas kom paub meej tias nws cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua tiav.
Kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb
Cia peb xav txog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool:
- Visibility. Nws suav nrog kev soj ntsuam, saib ntau yam duab kos duab, saib cov pob tshab, cov yeeb yaj kiab. Nws yog txoj hauv kev pom pom uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov kws kho kev puas siab puas ntsws yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog preschool.
- Practic altxoj kev: sim sim yooj yim, ua si, qauv. Cov menyuam yaus paub txog kev sib txuas ntawm cov xwm txheej ntuj thiab cov khoom, ua kom muaj kev paub zoo, kawm siv nws hauv kev xyaum.
- Verbal method: npaj cov dab neeg, nco cov paj huam, nyeem phau ntawv pab txhawb kev nthuav dav ntawm kev paub txog ntuj tsim, tsim kom muaj tus cwj pwm zoo rau lub ntiaj teb nyob.
Saib xyuas
Txoj kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool muaj kev siv loj ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem.
Ib yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog yam ntxwv ntawm cov me nyuam. Piv txwv li, rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim, nrog rau cov dab neeg ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv, yog qhov tsim nyog.
Txoj kev ntawm kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yog hu ua hom kev paub txog kev paub, lawv cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm tus menyuam nrog cov khoom kawm ntawm cov tsiaj qus.
Nyob hauv ib lub tsev kawm ntawv cov menyuam yaus, tus kws qhia ntawv npaj qhov kev nkag siab ntev thiab ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim siab qee yam ntawm zaj lus qhia.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools kuj yog qhov zoo rau kev kawm tus kheej ntawm cov niam txiv, txij li kev txaus siab rau kev qhia txog cov kev pabcuam no tau tshwm sim tsis ntev los no, ntau leej txiv thiab leej niam tsis muaj lub tswv yim meej txog qhov qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kawm no.
Kev nthuav tawm tus menyuam txoj kev paub txog xwm txheej ua rau muaj ntau cov lus nug, uas yog qhov kev txhawb siab zoo rau cov niam txiv kom rov ua kom lawv paub txog tej yam ntuj tso thiab tshwm sim. Tias yog vim li cas peb tuaj yeem tham txog qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha ntawm ib puag ncig kev kawm thiabntawm cov niam txiv ntawm preschoolers.
Daim Ntawv Ua Haujlwm
txhais tau tias kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool tuaj yeem suav tias ua tau zoo tshaj plaws? Tus kws qhia ntawv xaiv cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm zoo li no rau kev ua haujlwm uas tso cai rau kev txiav txim siab lub ntsiab lus kom nkag siab, pab txhawb cov ntaub ntawv tau txais:
- classes;
- hiking, excursions;
- hnub so ecological;
- taug kev txhua hnub.
Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm txhua hom kev ua ub no. Cov chav kawm tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog thawj daim ntawv ua haujlwm. Lawv pab txhawb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm preschoolers, lawv paub nrog lub peculiarities ntawm natural processes thiab phenomena.
Tsis ntev los no, tau muaj kev txhim kho ib puag ncig kev kawm ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool. Hauv chav kawm, tus kws qhia ntawv systematizes kev paub ntawm cov menyuam yaus txog lub ntiaj teb nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool npaj cov thawj, qhia, generalizing, kev txawj ntse, complex classes aimed ntawm ib puag ncig kev kawm ntawv ntawm preschoolers.
Ecological kev kawm ntawm cov laus preschoolers yog ib qho nyuaj rau xav txog tej yam tsis siv daim ntawv ntawm kev ua ub no. Thaum taug kev, kev mus ncig ua si, kev txhim kho kev noj qab haus huv, kev kawm, kev cob qhia, nrog rau kev txhim kho kev zoo nkauj thiab kev coj ncaj ncees tshiab tshwm sim. Nws yog lub sijhawm taug kev thiab mus ncig ua si uas cov menyuam yaus txhim kho kev npaj, vim tias ua ntej tawm mus rau qhov xwm txheej, tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov niam txiv ua tib zoo xav txog qhov kev tshwm sim tom ntej.
Yuav kom cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool tsim ib daim duab tiav ntawm cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv qhov xwm txheej, qhov kev kawm ib puag ncig muaj kev mus ncig ua si ntawm ntau lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam zoo li no, cov me nyuam kawm sib piv, tsom xam, generalize cov kev hloov uas tshwm sim nrog lub cev dej, ntoo, paj, shrubs.
Txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kawm ib puag ncig hauv qhov xwm txheej no yog kev soj ntsuam meej, thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv yog kho cov lus xaus uas cov menyuam kawm preschool ua.
Ecological hnub so
Daim ntawv no ntawm kev ua si lom zem pab txhawb kev tsim cov lus teb zoo hauv cov menyuam yaus rau ntau yam xwm txheej ntuj. Nrog rau lub koom haum ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib tw txawv txawv, kev sib tw, muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev tsim tus cwj pwm ntawm tus menyuam kawm ntawv preschool.
Hnub so tuaj yeem mob siab rau, piv txwv li, rau kev hloov ntawm lub caij. Peb muab qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov xwm txheej txawv txawv rau lub rooj sib tham ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Caij nplooj ntoos hlav tuaj
Qhov kev tshwm sim no yog tsim los ua tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub caij nyoog. Qhov kev tshwm sim tau mob siab rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 8, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm loj ua ntej ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov xibfwb.
Piv txwv li, hauv chav kawm kos duab, cov menyuam yaus paub txog cov xim sib txawv, tsim cov ntawv thov los ntawm cov ntawv xim.
Cov me nyuam tom qab ntawd yuav muab cov haujlwm tiav rau lawv cov niam tsev, ua kev zoo siab rau lawv hnub International Women's Day. Nyob rau hauv ib zaj lus qhia suab paj nruagua ke nrog tus kws qhia ntawv, preschoolers kawm zaj nkauj uas hais txog poj niam lub npe txuam nrog cov npe ntawm ntau xim.
Nyob rau hauv ib lub ces kaum nyob, cov me nyuam loj hlob hauv tsev paj rau lawv niam, tib lub sij hawm lawv kawm cov kev cai ntawm tu lawv, paub txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm watering, cog transplantation. Txhawm rau txhim kho lub cev muaj zog zoo los ntawm plasticine, cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools tsim cov qauv paj uas yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus rau kev nthuav qhia ua ntej kev ua koob tsheej.
Ntxiv rau kev tsim cov tswv yim hais txog cov nroj tsuag, cov menyuam yaus txhim kho kev txawj saib xyuas cov tsiaj qus. Lawv yuav tsis tsuas yog pab cov menyuam yaus hloov mus rau ib puag ncig kev sib raug zoo, tab sis kuj yuav yog txoj hauv kev zoo rau kev kawm tus kheej thiab kev txhim kho tus kheej. Qhov tsuas yog nuance uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog thaum npaj hnub so yuav tsim ib qho kev pab cuam uas yuav siv ntau hom ntawv, coj mus rau hauv tus account lub hnub nyoog tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov me nyuam.
Zoo kawg rau qhov kev tshwm sim yuav yog kev sib koom ua ke tshuaj yej, uas cov txiaj ntsig yuav suav nrog.
taug kev txhua hnub
Lawv tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau ib puag ncig kev kawm, nkag tau txawm tias cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv kindergarten. Cov menyuam yaus nyiam qhov kev xaiv no, lawv zoo siab rau kev sib cuag nrog nplooj, dej, xuab zeb, tsiaj txhu, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries. Nrog rau txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev taug kev, cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool sau qee qhov kev paub, txhim kho kev soj ntsuam. Lawv muaj kev zoo siab tiag tiag los ntawm kev sib txuas lus ncaj qha nrog cov tsiaj qus. Piv txwv li, pab tau thiabib qho kev xaiv nthuav dav rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov pab pawg laus yuav ua haujlwm hauv lub vaj paj lossis hauv thaj chaw sim me me.
Ntawm technologies
Ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab siv rau kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov menyuam yaus hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool, cia peb tawm ib qho kev tshawb fawb theem pib. Nws tau nkag siab tias yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv thiab cov menyuam yaus, uas yog txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem kev txawj ntse uas tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus hauv lub neej txhua hnub.
Kev tshawb fawb theem pib tsis yog tsuas yog muab lub sijhawm rau tus kws qhia ntawv los tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev xav hauv nws pawg ntseeg, tab sis tseem pab txhawb kev txhim kho tus kheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Ntawm cov kev xaiv nthuav tshaj plaws rau kev tshawb fawb theem pib, quests tau siv ntau zuj zus tsis ntev los no.
Thaum xaiv cov haujlwm, tus kws qhia ntawv suav nrog tus cwj pwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus, sim ua tib neeg tus cwj pwm ntawm ib puag ncig rau lawv, uas yog, ua raws li kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ntawm Lavxias.
Kev qhia txog kev kawm ib puag ncig
Nws txhais tau hais tias qhov tshwm sim hauv qab no:
- tsim ntawm qee qhov kev paub thiab cov tswv yim hais txog ecology ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschools;
- tsom rau lub peev xwm nkag siab thiab pom kev zoo nkauj, qhuas nws, pom qhov tseeb zoo nkauj;
- koom nrog menyuam yaus hauv kev ua ub no txhawm rau khaws thiab tiv thaiv cov khoom ntuj.
Txhua yam ntawm kev sib koom ua ke rau kev kawm ib puag ncig ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool muab qhov kev xav tau tsuas yog hauvrooj plaub ntawm lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo.
Yog tsis muaj kev paub txog kev nkag siab thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig, nws tsis tuaj yeem tham txog kev qhia cov menyuam yaus ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj sia thiab muaj sia nyob. Kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv theoretical yog ua nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv preschool thaum taug kev txhua hnub, thaum lub sij hawm matinees thiab hnub so, tu tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum.
Xibhwb thiab niam txiv yuav tsum ua rau menyuam yaus tus qauv kev sib raug zoo nrog xwm txheej, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho tus cwj pwm saib xyuas rau cov paj thiab cov nroj tsuag tsis yooj yim rau menyuam yaus.
Zoo kawg
Txoj yam ntxwv ntawm ib puag ncig kev kawm hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv preschool yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tso cov yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg, suav nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm tus cwj pwm. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog kawm preschool, muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim tus cwj pwm zoo rau xwm, lub ntiaj teb ib puag ncig.
Qhia txog kev xav thiab tus cwj pwm muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov khoom muaj sia, tus menyuam pib paub nws tus kheej li ib feem ntawm nws. Tias yog vim li cas kev paub txog cov cai thiab cov qauv ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog xwm, kev nkag siab nrog nws, qhia kev txaus siab los daws qee qhov xwm txheej ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam kawm ntawv preschool yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
Raws li lub hauv paus rau kev ua ub ua no ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv hauv qib kindergarten hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev kawm ib puag ncig, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev npaj cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv rau kev siv tag nrho ntawm txhua hom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm qhov kev tsim tsim.
Yog tias tag nrho cov nuances xav txog thaum tsim qhov programrau qhov kev nkag siab zoo li no, ib tus tuaj yeem suav rau ntawm qhov tsim ntawm tib neeg tus cwj pwm tsim nyog ntawm cov menyuam yaus rau cov khoom thiab cov xwm txheej ntuj. Paub txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab lub sijhawm ntawm txoj haujlwm no, cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov kws paub txog kev puas siab puas ntsws tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb los ua cov chav kawm theoretical thiab cov tswv yim hauv ntau pab pawg hauv kindergarten, uas tso cai rau tsim tus cwj pwm zoo ntawm cov menyuam yaus rau cov tsiaj qus.
