Rau qee qhov laj thawj, qhov kev xav tsis ntev los no tau nthuav tawm ntawm cov pej xeem uas cov hlau kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog cov khoom siv nyiaj txiag los ntawm cov khoom siv nyiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb npaum li cas hauv nqe lus no? Puas muaj hlau nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no kim dua kub thiab platinum? Cov lus teb yog unequivocal: yog. Ntau tus ntawm lawv tsis siv rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, yog li lawv qhov tseem ceeb thiab tus nqi siab tsis paub rau cov neeg feem coob. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau zoo siv hauv electronics, mechanical engineering thiab txawm tias tshuaj. Tus nqi pauv ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig hloov pauv txhua hnub, zoo li cov txiaj ntsig, yog li nws yog qhov xav tau tias qee tus neeg nqis peev hauv lawv thiab khaws lawv cov nyiaj hauv daim ntawv bullion lossis lwm yam khoom. Xav txog tias cov peev txheej ntawm peb lub ntiaj teb tsis muaj qhov kawg, xws li ib kauj ruam yog pom deb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li dab tsi yog cov hlau kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb?
Silver
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseeb, tus nqi ib gram ntawm cov nyiaj yog $0.53. Cov hlau no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog qhov nyiaj txiag tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Kev siv nyiaj ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nws muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau ntau ntawm nws deposits nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv. Ntawd yog, kev rho tawm ntawm cov hlau no tsis cuam tshuam nrog smelting los ntawm ore, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yooj yim thiab pheej yig li sai tau. Thiab txawm tiasntau lub sijhawm tau dhau mus, nyiaj tsis poob nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau noob neej. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, nws yog siv raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib (ntawm tag nrho cov hlau, nws kis tau hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab kub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov). Lub Scope ntawm nyiaj tsuas yog colossal: tshuaj, tub rog kev lag luam, electronics, hniav nyiaj hniav kub, mechanical engineering. Hais txog qhov no, cov khoom khaws cia ntawm cov hlau no tam sim no tau rub tawm ntawm qhov nrawm heev.
Nyiaj feem ntau piv rau kub. Thiab, txawm tias tus nqi qis dua, thawj cov hlau yeej nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov dav ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab lub cev lub cev uas txiav txim siab nws.
Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab ua kom cov khoom siv zoo li no, lawv tau ua los ntawm cov hlau. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej qauv, nyob ntawm seb qhov feem pua ntawm cov hlau nws tus kheej, thiab nws lub hom phiaj.
- 999th thiab 1000th qauv yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Nyiv. Lawv ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv mystical zog ntawm xws li ib tug hlau thiab lub siab tshaj plaws txoj kev tshav ntuj uas nws tus tswv yuav tau txais.
- 960 yog siv hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog siv tau lossis siv tau ntev, lawv tau sau sai sai, poob lawv cov luster lossis txawm hloov pauv.
- 925 nyiaj tseem hu ua sterling. Outwardly, nws zoo li cov hlau ntshiab, tab sis nws yog ntau xis hnav thiab tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas zoo.
- 916 thiab qis alloys yog siv los ua cutlery, xauv rau cov khoom uas muaj cov ntsiab lus nyiaj ntau dua, lossis cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub uas muaj xim liab lossis daj.
Txawm nws tus nqi qis, nyiaj yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab ntau yam kev siv.
Ruthenium
Tus nqi ib gram ntawm ruthenium yog $6.59. Thawj thawj zaug, cov hlau tau pom nyob rau hauv Russia, tom qab lub npe Latin uas nws tau hu ua. Ruthenium belongs rau pab pawg ntawm platinum hlau thiab yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Ua ke nrog nws cov neeg nyob ze tshaj plaws, nws yog mined hauv Republic of South Africa, Canada thiab Russia.
Kev siv ntau tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis tiav yog tsis muaj nws. Ruthenium yog ib qho kev txhawb zog zoo, uas ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm cov khoom, thiab yog li nws lub neej kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, nws cov tebchaw yog siv los kho cov qog malignant thiab daim tawv nqaij tsis xws luag. Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, ruthenium plays lub luag haujlwm ntawm catalyst, thiab kuj tseem siv vim nws qhov tshwj xeeb tsis ua rau lwm yam tshuaj thiab nws cov ntsiab lus melting siab (kwv yees li 2000 degrees).
Cov xim ntawm cov hlau tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm txoj kev mining thiab kev ua, tab sis tseem hloov pauv hauv ib qho me me - los ntawm lub teeb silvery hue nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj rau matte grey.
Osmium
Osmium raug nqi yuav luag ob npaug ntau li ruthenium - $ 12.86. Nws tau txais nws lub npe rau nws qhov tsis hnov tsw tsw qab (ib qho sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj dawb thiab qej). Nws yog raws li Greek lo lus osme. Nws tseem tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, tab sis tov nrog lwm yam hlaupab pawg platinum kiag li. Hauv South Africa, Canada, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Colombia, nws tau muab rho tawm los ntawm cov zaub mov. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm osmium nyob rau hauv lub lithosphere yog heev insignificant, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws kuj tawg, thiab tsis sau nyob rau hauv me me deposits. Yog li ntawd, nws cov extraction yog ib tug laborious thiab kim txheej txheem.
Qhov peculiarity ntawm osmium nyob rau hauv nws qhov siab ceev, thiab, raws li, nyob rau hauv loj. Nws yog cov hlau hnyav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Ib lub pob osmium nrog ib sab ntawm yim centimeters yuav hnyav tshaj li kaum-liter thoob dej. Cov khoom zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis them nyiaj rau cov kws tshawb fawb foob pob hluav taws, tub rog kws tshaj lij, kws kho mob thiab kws tshuaj. Cov tom kawg coj kom zoo dua qhov tseeb tias cov hlau no ruaj khov thiab tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Cov kws kho mob siv nws los tsim cov pacemakers.
Platinum
Ib gram ntawm platinum yuav raug nqi $ 30.77. Thiab, txawm hais tias feem ntau cov kev xav, cov khoom no tsis yog cov khoom kim tshaj plaws uas muaj nqi nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Platinum tau paub thoob ntiaj teb rau lub sijhawm ntev, tab sis nws tsis tau siv tam sim ntawd. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.
Tam sim no nws tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub, hluav taws xob, tsheb, tshuaj lom neeg sib xyaw thiab ua cov peev txheej. South Africa yog tus xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm platinum.
kub
Ib gram kub nqi $42.43. Nws yog yuav luag lub npe nrov tshaj plaws precious hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog nyob rau hauv nws cov durability thiab amazing muaj peev xwm los tuav ib tug zoo tsos rau ntau xyoo. Qhov novim muaj kev nyiam kub ntawm cov jewelers.
Zoo li nyiaj, kub muaj nws cov cim. Qhov txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws rau kev yuav khoom yog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub ua los ntawm 585. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom zoo li no pheej yig heev, thiab cov tsos tsis tu siab. Txawm hais tias kub siv los ua cov hlau kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, qhov kev sim no tsis haum rau kev nqis peev. Cov nyiaj los ntawm kev yuav khoom yuav tsis rov qab los ntawm tus nqi qub, vim nws yuav raug ntsuas raws li seem. Tab sis kub tuav yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo thiab mus sij hawm ntev los nqis peev.
Rhodium
Rhodium yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj thiab kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog cov mined khoom tsim hauv chav kuaj. Tus nqi rau ib gram yog $59.48. Rhodium tuaj yeem hu ua aristocrat ntawm cov hlau. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov hlau no kim dua platinum thiab kub. Peb tuaj yeem hais tias rhodium rhuav tshem cov stereotypes. Kuv tsuas yog ob peb puas kilograms ib xyoos xwb.
Nws yog nto moo rau nws hardness thiab striking brilliance. Vim yog tus nqi siab ntawm cov tshuaj no, nws tsuas yog siv qhov twg tsis muaj dab tsi ceeb toom. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv mechanical engineering, raws li ib tug catalyst los yog ib feem ntawm reflectors thiab headlights. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau qee cov oxides ntawm rhodium, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov xim dub, uas yog siv rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Tau kawg, tus nqi rau cov khoom zoo li no yuav tsim nyog, vim lawv tau tsim siv cov hlau kim tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.
