Los ntawm qhov pib ntawm heraldry, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj npab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab. Lawv txawv nyob ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab haiv neeg ntawm tus neeg hnav.
Keeb kwm ntawm lub cim
Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm heraldry, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caj npab yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog. Lub ntsiab lus no yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev kos duab uas tau txais los ua lub cim los ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj hwj chim thiab lub xeev. Nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe medieval, lub armorial cov duab nyob tsis nyob rau hauv German kuj nyob ntawm seb cov duab ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab.
Nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm knightly, daim duab peb sab daim thaiv yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Nws yog nws uas tau los ua tus harbinger ntawm tag nrho cov classical heraldry. Thaum lub sij hawm, lwm yam configurations pib tshwm, uas nce nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim thiab cov lus tseeb ntawm tus artist. Cov cim thawj zaug tsuas yog theej lawv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv tiag, uas, dhau los, hloov pauv nrog rau kev tsim riam phom medieval.
Thaum cov ntsiab lus tiag tiag pib muab txoj hauv kev rau cov ntawv tseeb ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam, cov phau ntawv keeb kwm pib dazzle nrog ntau qhov sib txawv. Txij li thaum peb twb tau tham txog lub cim, txhua tus tswv ntawm nws tus kheej lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab tau sim kom tau txais kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab cov duab. Vim li no, txawm tias cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv tebchaws nrog lawv tus kheej cov qauv thiab kev coj noj coj ua.
Cov ntawv thiab homemblems
Classic shields yog hais txog nyob rau hauv niaj hnub heraldry. Muaj cuaj ntawm lawv: Varangian, Italian, Mev, Fabkis, Byzantine, Lus Askiv, rhombic, German thiab square. Xws li cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws. Qee tus ntawm lawv tau muaj npe raws li lub teb chaws kev lig kev cai, txawm hais tias qhov tseeb lawv kuj muaj cov duab geometric. Ib daim ntaub thaiv npog nyob rau hauv daim duab peb sab hu ua Varangian, lub oval - Italian, lub xwmfab puag ncig hauv qab - Spanish.
Muaj cov duab zoo nkauj dua, tab sis lawv tsis tshua muaj ntau. Sab xis thiab sab laug ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus neeg uas tuav daim thaiv, thiab tsis yog los ntawm sab ntawm tus saib. Nov yog ib txoj cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv heraldry uas newbies feem ntau tsis paub.
French shield
feem ntau yog Fabkis lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab. Nws cov duab sib raug mus rau ib lub quadrangle nrog ib tug taw tes hauv qab. Cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov nyob rau hauv Russia. Cov cim nrog cov qauv no tau txais los ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj koob npe nrov thiab cov nroog hauv nroog ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Daim ntawv niaj hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab cim kuj tau ua nyob rau hauv Fabkis txoj kev lig kev cai.
Koj tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov muaj koob npe li cas? Cov duab ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Russia (uas yog, Fabkis) muab qhov siab tshaj plaws pub dawb rau cov lus qhia hauv daim duab. Xws li daim thaiv npog yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm qhov pom ntawm tus kws kos duab. Cov feem ntau nyuaj thiab thawj muaj pes tsawg leeg tuaj yeem piav qhia ntawm Fabkis lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab.
German shield
Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws yog daim thaiv German. Muaj ib qho chaw nyob ntawm ntug ntawm nws lub tsho. Qhov nocov kev lig kev cai heraldic originated raws li ib tug redrawing ntawm lub tiag tiag German ntaub thaiv npog. Nws tseem hu ua tarch. Nws tau siv los ntawm Western European knights ntawm 13th-16th centuries. Tarch tau tshwm sim txawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pab tub rog. Lub recess nyob rau hauv nws yog xav tau nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kho lub hmuv, uas yuav yeej tus yeeb ncuab. Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tshwj xeeb tshaj yog feem ntau suav nrog qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm daim ntawv.
Tarchs kis thoob plaws Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo pua 13th. Lawv tuaj yeem ua los ntawm cov ntoo muaj. Cov khoom no tau siv ntau dua li hlau. Rau kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua, tarch tau npog nrog plaub. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv heraldry, daim duab feem ntau imitates daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj. Cov lus piav qhia ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis tau hais txog cov khoom siv los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog tau ua. Qhov no feature qhia txog tus tswv lub teej tug mus rau ib tug tshwj xeeb genus. Cov tsev neeg nplua nuj knightly muaj peev xwm them taus hlau, yog li nws tau piav qhia ntawm lawv lub cim.
Kev txiav txim siab
Yuav kom nkag siab yuav ua li cas ua lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm koj tsev neeg, koj yuav tsum paub tsis yog tsuas yog cov duab ntawm daim thaiv, tab sis kuj tseem muaj lwm yam kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog kev lig kev cai ntawm kev faib cov duab rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw. Cov kws kos duab siv kev sib cais, kev sib tshuam, nrog rau kab kab pheeb ces kaum. Lawv tso cai rau koj faib cov ntaub thaiv npog heraldic kom ntau xim muaj nyob rau hauv ib zaug. Lub palette sib txawv yog ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej nrov tshaj plaws uas xav tau los ua tus qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thiab lees paub.
Nrog kev pab ntawm kab kab pheeb ces kaum, koj tuaj yeem txiav tawm thiabhais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ib feem ntawm daim ntaub thaiv. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog li cas lub taub hau lossis sab saum toj ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab yog sib cais. Yog hais tias lub kab pheeb ces kaum hla tag nrho cov ntaub thaiv npog, ces cov txheej txheem zoo li no hu ua bandage.
Cross
Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim duab yog tus ntoo khaub lig. Cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm knights feem ntau suav nrog cov duab ntawm lub cim no. Nws yog tsim nyog xav tias nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe tus ntoo khaub lig yog lub cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li feem ntau siv. Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, lub cim qhia tau hais tias tau txais cua thib ob. Nws pib qhia yam tsis xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntseeg qub. Lub universality ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig tuaj yeem yooj yim lees paub los ntawm tag nrho ntawm tib neeg keeb kwm. Xws li cov duab kos tau siv ntev ua ntej yug ntawm heraldry. Piv txwv li, ntawm cov pagans, tus ntoo khaub lig yog synonymous nrog lub hnub pe hawm.
Yog tias koj muab ob lub baldrics rau ntawm caj npab, koj tau txais lub cim ntawm lub nkoj uas paub txog cov neeg Lavxias. Qhov no yog lub npe hu ua St. Andrew's Cross, uas tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm tus chij ntawm Scotland thiab hauv ntau lwm cov lus hais. Lwm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov cim sib txawv no yuav muaj qhov sib txawv luv luv lossis lwm yam zoo nkauj txuas ntxiv (roundings, serrations, thiab lwm yam).
Lwm cov duab geometric
Ntxiv rau qhov kev txiav thiab tus ntoo khaub lig, hauv heraldry muaj ntau ntau cov duab kos duab kos rau ntawm daim thaiv. Cov npe no suav nrog: square, ciam teb, daim duab peb sab, taw tes, duab plaub, lub voj voog, rhombus, spindle, thiab lwm yam.cov duab. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog lig, ib qho kev lig kev cai tshwm sim los piav txog cov ntsiab lus geometric nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum ntawm daim thaiv. Qhov no yog "ib feem dawb" - ib qho kev qhia siv dav dav.
Ntxiv rau, daim thaiv tseem ceeb, uas ua rau tag nrho cov duab ntawm caj npab, tuaj yeem muaj daim thaiv me me hauv. Xws li recursion yog tus qauv rau heraldry. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntaub thaiv npog, lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tus tswv ntawm lub tsho tiv no tau hais txog.
Ntxhais lus tsis hais lus
Muaj lwm pab pawg loj ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub tsho tiv no. Cov duab no tseem hu ua non-heraldic. Lawv muab faib ua peb hom: dag, ntuj thiab legendary. Raws li txoj cai, tus qauv tsim tshwj xeeb dhau los ua qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab. Yog li ntawd, cov knights (thiab tom qab ntawd cov nroog) sim piav txog qee yam tsis tshua muaj thiab thawj ntawm lawv daim thaiv.
Cov duab ntuj muaj xws li kos duab tsiaj thiab noog. Cov tswv ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab xaiv lawv raws li fauna ntawm lawv haiv neeg thaj av. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev cai ntawm heraldry tsis nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txwv tsis pub depiction ntawm tus dej, roob - nyob rau hauv dav dav, txhua yam uas xwm tsim. Cov duab kos duab yog kos duab ntawm riam phom thiab armor. Lawv tau tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov tub rog thiab tub rog, uas yog li qhia txog lawv txoj kev hlub rau tub rog khoom siv tes ua.
Thaum kawg, pab pawg xav paub tshaj plaws thiab txawv tshaj plaw tuaj yeem raug hu ua cov lus dab neeg. Cov no yog cov duab kos ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv tseeb uas nrov hauv heraldry. Txawm tias cov ntseeg siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem piav qhia txog centaurs, griffins thiab lwm cov cim ntawm cov dab neeg thaum ub ntawm lawv lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv no series yog tej zaum daim duab ntawm ib tug ob-headed dav dawb hau. Cov noog no mythical tau piav qhia ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npabByzantine Empire. Los ntawm qhov ntawd, nrog rau Orthodoxy thiab lwm qhov tseeb Greek, nws dhau mus rau Russia. Thawj ob lub taub hau dav dawb hau tau siv nyob rau hauv Moscow raws li nws tus kheej lub cim los ntawm Ivan III nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th.
Crest motto
Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub tsho caj npab txhua lub sijhawm yog lub ntsiab lus. Raws li nws tau siv cov kab lus luv luv, uas tau los ua lub cim ntawm ib xeem, nroog lossis xeev. Mottos tsiv teb tsaws ntawm heraldry mus rau tub rog txoj haujlwm thiab lub neej txhua hnub.
Txawm li cas los xij lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm tsev neeg yog, nws yeej ib txwm muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb ribbon nyob hauv qab. Lub motto tau sau rau ntawm nws. Hauv cov teb chaws Catholic, Latin winged kab lus tau siv. Cov lus los ntawm phau Vajlugkub lossis lwm yam kev sau thaum ub tau nrov. Cov ribbon thiab cov ntawv sau rau ntawm nws tau theej cov xim ntawm cov hlau ntawm caj npab.
Shield tuav
Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo kawg nkaus lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab (feem ntau yog muaj koob muaj npe los yog princely), xws li ib tug heraldic ntsiab raws li ib tug ntaub thaiv npog tuav yog feem ntau siv. Nws ntxiv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Cov ntaub thaiv npog yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab cov ntaub thaiv npog yog qhia raws cov npoo. Thaum xub thawj, tib neeg cov duab tau siv rau hauv lawv lub peev xwm. Qhov kev lig kev cai no tau tshwm sim ua tsaug rau jousting kev sib tw, uas ib txwm tuaj koom los ntawm cov pab ntawm cov tub rog tuav lawv tsev neeg daim thaiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, dhau sijhawm, cov duab no tau pib hloov los ntawm mythological creatures thiab beasts. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv mus decorate lub heraldic muaj pes tsawg leeg. Yuav kom paub yuav ua li cas kos ib lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov tseeb tias leej twg tuaj yeem piav qhia hauvraws li daim ntaub thaiv, thiab leej twg tsis yog. Hauv ib qho kev kos duab kos duab, lawv tus kheej lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm lawv tus tswv. Yog li ntawd, cov tsiaj muaj zog feem ntau tau piav qhia raws li cov neeg tuav pov hwm: tsov ntxhuav, eagles, giants, thiab lwm yam. Lawv xaiv ib txwm ua tib zoo saib xyuas.
Muaj qee lub sijhawm thaum cov tuav pov hwm txawv ntawm ib leeg. Yog li, piv txwv li, yog rooj plaub nrog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Great Britain. Nws depicts ib tug majestic crowned tsov ntxhuav nyob rau sab xis, thiab ib tug mythical silver unicorn nyob rau sab laug. Daim duab ntawm ib tug tubtxib saum ntuj raws li ib tug saum ntuj ceeb tsheej intercessor thiab patron yog nrov ntawm cov ntseeg knights nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej kev sib ntaus sib tua, tus tub rog yeej ib txwm ua kev thov Vajtswv, thaum tuav daim thaiv nrog nws. Rau ntau tus tswv superstitious ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab, lawv cov qauv tsim yog ib qho kev zoo siab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txhaum koj daim thaiv npog nrog daim duab qhia tau tias yog qhov tsis muaj hmoo.
