Kab lus no yog npaj rau kev paub dav dav txog cov txheej txheem combustion. Lub ntsiab xim yuav raug them rau ntau haiv neeg ntawm hom ntawm qhov tshwm sim no. Tshwj xeeb, peb yuav tsom mus rau laminar, turbulent, heterogeneous thiab lwm yam combustion. Wb sib tham txog hluav taws.
Introduction
Ua ntej peb pib tham txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm tsab xov xwm, hais txog hom combustion, cia peb paub txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus.
Combustion yog cov txheej txheem tshuaj-lub cev; ib tug complex phenomenon nyob rau hauv lub transformation ntawm cov khoom uas yog cov thawj koom nyob rau hauv ib tug exothermic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hauv combustion khoom. Nrog los ntawm ib tug kuj loj thiab khaus tso tawm ntawm tshav kub. Cov tshuaj siv hluav taws xob khaws cia hauv daim ntawv khaws cia thiab nyob hauv cov khoom ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thawj zaug tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm thiab siv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm tshav kub thiab / lossis lub teeb. Qhov chaw luminous hu ua pem hauv ntej los yog nplaim taws.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv combustion feem ntau "txav" raws cov ceg ntoo-hloov hom tshuab nrog kev nce mus tas li ntawm nws tus kheej nrawm. Qhov kawg yog vim qhov tso tawm ntawm tshav kub hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis zoo li lwm homoxidation thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, combustion muaj cov nyhuv thermal loj, thiab lub zog ua kom muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev vam khom loj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab kub. Txhawm rau pib qhov ntws ntawm qhov tshwm sim no, lub xub ntiag ntawm tus neeg pib yog qhov tsim nyog. Tib neeg siv lub peev xwm ntawm cov txheej txheem no thiab txhua hom. Cov boilers ntev ntev, foob pob ua ntxaij thiab lub tsheb cav, ntau yam burners thiab ntau ntxiv tau ua tsaug rau txoj kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawm combustion.
Kev faib tawm
Hom combustion raug cais raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Piv txwv li, kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov txheej txheem yog nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm qhov sib tov sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov sib txawv no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm paub qhov txawv ntawm qeeb (deflagration) thiab detonation hom combustion. Cov nthwv dej ntawm thawj hom muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm ntawm subsonic ceev, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cua sov cov reagents uas ua rau poob siab yoj. Cua sov, nyob rau hauv lem, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub zog ntawm lub nthwv dej ntawm qhov chaw (nws propagation). Slow combustion yog laminar thiab turbulent. Detonation ib txwm tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv turbulent. Hom combustion ntawm gases, khib nyiab thiab kua tej zaum yuav muaj ib co nta ntawm cov txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab rau lawv cov kev faib tawm.
Nplaim
Hom combustion thiab combustion tej yam kev mob ua rau ntau yam sib txawv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kab lus no. Ib tug neeg siv lawv nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm kev ua ub no,pib ntawm lub neej txhua hnub thiab xaus nrog kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws.
Nplaim taws yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem combustion. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm laminar lossis turbulent hluav taws, smoldering, thiab lwm yam, nws yog ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm hluav taws. Cov nplaim taws qhia txog thaj chaw luminous tsim thaum lub sijhawm g-tion. Lub combustion ntawm natural gas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv huab cua nce mus txog ob txhiab Kelvin.
Cov nplaim hluav taws tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov roj carbon muaj peev xwm ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog electromagnetic teb. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov tseeb, nws tau raug pov thawj tias cov nplaim hluav taws tuaj yeem muaj "tus cwj pwm" ntawm cov ntshav tsis muaj zog ionized. Lub phenomenon lub luag hauj lwm rau tiam ntawm ions yog hu ua chemionization.
Laminar combustion form
Hais txog hom kev sib txuas, peb yuav tsum hais txog lub tswvyim ntawm laminar g-tion. Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tsawg txaus tus nqi ntawm cov sib tov. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub tswm ciab kub hnyiab tawm, thiab lub qhov cub roj ua haujlwm nrog kev siv roj tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pa roj hauv qhov no yog sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom, uas ua rau muaj kev txav mus tas li ntawm cov nplaim taws sab nraud ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej ceev tshwj xeeb, uas, dhau los, nyob ntawm qhov kub, siab, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv reagents. Ignition tej yam kev mob tsis ua lub luag hauj lwm ntawm no.
Turbulent combustion form
Turbulent flow yog "ua haujlwm" ntawm qhov sib tov uas tuaj yeem txhais tau tias muaj kev kub ntxhov. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws rau kev kawm, thiab nws kuj tseem muaj ntau heev hauv kev siv tswv yim.mechanisms thiab khoom siv. Txog niaj hnub no, tsis muaj ib qho kev xav ua tiav ntawm kev kub ntxhov uas yuav muaj peev xwm piav qhia txog tus txheej txheem no.
Muaj ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm txog kev sib xyaw ua ke. Piv txwv li, kev sib nrig sib cuam tshuam ntawm combustion ntawm turbulence thiab vice versa ua rau lub fact tias cov txheej txheem ntawm combustion yuav yog intensified vim tshav kub tso tawm (ntau tshaj ntawm cov qauv) los yog txo. Qhov kawg yog vim qhov nce hauv viscosity nrog nce kub.
Kev sib hloov pauv hloov pauv
Lwm hom kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv heterogeneous. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm homogeneous. Xws li combustion tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug heterogeneous system, uas yog, ib tug system uas muaj ntau tshaj 1 theem (gas thiab kua yog piv txwv). Qhov no kuj suav nrog cov txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm theem kev sib cais ciam teb. Heev feem ntau, heterogeneous combustion yog to taub raws li ib tug tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm nws reactant (roj) evaporates, thiab cov txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv txawv roj theem. Ib qho piv txwv yog combustion ntawm thee hauv huab cua. Ntawm no, cov pa roj carbon muaj peev xwm ua rau cov pa oxygen molecules thiab tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide, uas, dhau los, tuaj yeem hlawv tawm hauv cov pa roj thiab ua rau tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide. Muaj ntau ntau hom kev sib xyaw ua ke, uas yuav txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem.
Special Species
Smoldering yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm kev sib txuas qeeb. Nws yog khaws cia vim lub tshav kub tso tawm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm O2 molecules nrog kub condensed teeb meem. Kev tshwm simtshwm sim nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov reagent thiab accumulates nyob rau hauv lub condensation theem.
Tshuaj-theem g-tion yog cov txheej txheem tshwm sim hauv cov hmoov ntawm inorganic thiab organic xwm. Cov phenomena no tau muab cais ua autowave thiab exothermic. Lawv tsis nrog los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov pa tawm.
Kev sib xyaw hauv cov xov xwm ntxeem tau yog qhov tseeb tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm nws tus kheej, xws li ceramic matrix, yog rhuab vim kev noj ntawm ib feem ntawm cov cua sov. Nyob rau hauv lem, thawj sib tov yog rhuab los ntawm lub matrix. Ntawm no cov khoom tau zoo lawm.
Flameless combustion kuj muaj.
Hloov
Hluav taws feem ntau suav hais tias yog hom kev sib txuas.
Hluav taws yog txheej txheem uas tib neeg tswj tsis tau. Nws tsis yog hom combustion, tab sis txawm li cas los xij, hluav taws ua rau ntau yam khoom puas tsuaj, thiab tseem muaj kev phom sij heev rau lub neej ntawm cov tsiaj, suav nrog tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm kev tshawb pom thiab kawm txog hluav taws thiab nws cov khoom, qhov teeb meem ntawm hluav taws tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawm tsam, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv ncaj qha tseem yog cov tseem ceeb rau niaj hnub no. Lub luag haujlwm kawg yog ua los ntawm cov chaw teb ceev ceev - kev pabcuam hluav taws. Muaj ntau yam ceeb toom tshwj xeeb. Koj tuaj yeem hu rau cov kev pabcuam no los ntawm kev hu xovtooj 101. Ntxiv nrog rau tus lej tseem ceeb, txij li xyoo 2013 hu rau 112 kab kuj tau ntxiv. Cov khoom siv hluav taws kub uas siv ntau tshaj plaws yog dej, xuab zeb, tshuaj tua hluav taws, tarpaulins thiab cov ntaub ntawv asbestos.
