Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, xws li ib tug tshuaj raws li arsenic nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm cov hlau-nonmetal ciam teb. Hauv nws txoj haujlwm, nws nyob nruab nrab ntawm hydrogen thiab tooj liab. Cov cim tsis yog xim hlau yog tshwm sim hauv qhov tseeb tias nws muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm lub xeev oxidation ntawm -3 (AsH3 - arsine). Cov tebchaw nrog lub xeev oxidation zoo ntawm +3 muaj cov khoom amphoteric, thiab nrog rau qib ntawm +5 nws cov kua qaub yog tshwm sim. arsenic oxide yog dab tsi?
Oxides thiab hydroxides
Cov arsenic oxides hauv qab no muaj: As2O3 thiab As2O 5. Kuj tseem muaj cov hydroxides sib xws:
- Meta-arsenous acid HAsO2.
- Orthoarsenic acid H3AsO3.
- Meta-arsenic acid HAsO3.
- Orthoarsenic acid H3AsO4.
- 4As2O7.
YPyromarsenic acidH
arsenic trioxide yog dab tsi?
Arsenic tsim ob lub oxides, uas As2O3 muaj lub npe trioxide. Nws yog ib yam khoom uas feem ntau siv rau kev kho mob, tab sis nws tsis yog raws nraim cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws yog ib qho inorganic compound uas yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm organoarsenic tebchaw (compounds muaj ib tug chemical bond nrog carbon) thiab ntau lwm yam. Ntau qhov kev siv As2O3 yog qhov tsis sib haum xeeb vim lub ntsiab lus muaj kuab lom. Lub npe lag luam rau qhov sib xyaw no yog Trisenox.
Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog trioxide
Cov tshuaj formula ntawm arsenic trioxide yog As2O3. Qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov tshuaj no yog 197.841 g / mol. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev kom tau txais cov oxide no. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog roasting ntawm sulfide ore. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj ua haujlwm raws li hauv qab no:
2As2O3 + 9O2 → 2As2 O3 + 6SO2
Feem ntau cov oxides tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm kev ua lwm yam ores. Arsenopyrite yog ib qho impurity nyob rau hauv kub thiab tooj liab, thiab nws tso tawm arsenic trioxide thaum rhuab nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm huab cua. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj mob hnyav.
qauv ntawm arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trioxide muaj cov mis As4O6 hauv kua thiab rojtheem (qis dua 800 ° C). Hauv cov theem no, nws yog isostructural nrog phosphorus trioxide (P 4O6). Tab sis ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 800 ° C, As4O6 tawg mus rau molecular As2O 3. Nyob rau theem no, nws yog isostructural nrog diisotron trioxide (N2O3). Hauv nws lub xeev ruaj khov, qhov sib xyaw no nthuav tawm cov peev txheej polymorphic (lub peev xwm muaj nyob hauv ob lossis ntau hom qauv siv lead ua).
Cov khoom ntawm arsenic trioxide
Qee lub ntsiab ntawm arsenic trioxide yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Txoj kev daws teeb meem ntawm trioxide tsim cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog nrog dej. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov compound yog amphoteric arsenic oxide.
- Nws yog soluble hauv alkaline daws thiab muab arsenates.
- Arsenic trioxide muaj cov solubility siab hauv hydrochloric acid (HCl) thiab thaum kawg muab arsenic trichloride thiab concentrated acid.
- Nws tsim pentoxide (As 2 O 5) nyob rau hauv muaj cov oxidants muaj zog xws li hydrogen peroxide, ozone thiab nitric acid.
- Nws yuav luag insoluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic.
- Nws zoo li cov khoom dawb hauv nws lub cev ib txwm muaj.
- Nws muaj qhov kub ntawm 312.2 ° C thiab qhov kub ntawm 465 ° C.
- Qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom no yog 4.15 g / cm 3.
Kev siv arsenic trioxide hauv tshuaj
Cov tshuaj no yog nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab siv los kho mob qog noj ntshav. Toxicityarsenic paub zoo. Tab sis arsenic trioxide yog cov tshuaj khomob thiab tau siv los kho qee yam mob qog noj ntshav rau xyoo. Cov tshuaj siv rau kev ua haujlwm no yog hu ua Fowler's solution. Xyoo 1878, Tsev Kho Mob Boston City tau tshaj tawm tias qhov kev daws teeb meem no tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los txo tus neeg cov ntshav dawb suav.
Vim li ntawd As2O3 yog siv los kho cov kab mob leukemia kom txog thaum kho hluav taws xob hloov nws. Tab sis tom qab xyoo 1930, nws maj mam rov qab muaj koob meej hauv kev kho mob leukemia, kom txog rau thaum muaj kev kho mob niaj hnub no. Qhov no arsenic oxide tau suav hais tias yog qhov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws rau mob myelogenous leukemia. Txawm niaj hnub no, cov tshuaj no yog siv los kho ib hom mob promyelocytic leukemia tom qab ua tsis tiav retinoid lossis anthracycline chemotherapy. Nws kuj yog siv los kho mob myeloid leukemia, ntau yam myeloma, mob myeloid leukemia, lymphoma, mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lymphatic system.
Siv Trioxide
Arsenic trioxide yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov iav tsis muaj xim. Qhov kev sib xyaw no tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv hluav taws xob los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab qee cov alloys. Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv cov xim. Arsenic trioxide tuaj yeem kho tau zoo rau cov qog hlwb.
Yav dhau los, cov tshuaj no tau siv hauv kev kho hniav, tab sis vim nws yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, nws siv los ntawm niaj hnub no.nres los ntawm kws kho hniav. Arsenic oxide (formula As2O3) kuj yog siv los ua ntoo khaws cia, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv no raug txwv nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb. Ua ke nrog tooj liab acetate, arsenic trioxide tsim cov xim ntsuab zoo nkauj.
tshuaj lom heev
Lub trioxide nws tus kheej muaj qib siab ntawm toxicity. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov tsim nyog ceev faj ua ntej siv nws. Nws tuaj yeem txaus ntshai heev hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Eating. Yog tias As2O3 yog noj tsis tau, nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim. Nws tsis pom zoo kom sim ua kom ntuav ua ntej mus nrhiav kev kho mob. Tshem tawm cov khaub ncaws nruj, tshem cov khi, khawm dab tshos, siv, thiab lwm yam.
- tawv tawv. Thaum muaj kev sib cuag nrog ib qho chaw ntawm lub cev, tam sim ntawd yaug qhov chaw cuam tshuam nrog dej ntau. Cov khaub ncaws tsis huv thiab khau yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tam sim ntawd thiab ntxuav ua ntej siv dua. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij hnyav, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Ntxuav thaj chaw muaj kab mob nrog tshuaj tua kab mob thiab siv tshuaj tua kab mob yuav pab tau.
- Qhov muag sib cuag. Yog tias As2O3 los rau ntawm lub qhov muag, thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau ua yog tshem tawm cov lo ntsiab muag thiab yaug qhov muag kom ntau. dej rau 15 feeb. Nws raug nquahu kom siv dej txias. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog qhov no, ib tug neeg yuav tsum huambulance.
- Kev nqus pa. Cov neeg uas tau nqus cov pa no yuav tsum tau muab tso rau lwm qhov nrog huab cua ntshiab. Koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev kho mob tam sim ntawd. Yog tias ua pa nyuaj, oxygen yuav tsum tau muab tam sim ntawd. Yog tias tus neeg raug mob ua tsis taus pa ntawm nws tus kheej, yuav tsum tau ua pa ua pa.
- Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau tib neeg. Yog tias muaj ntau ntau ntawm arsenic trioxide nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. tsom iav thiab hnab looj tes yuav tsum tau siv tas li thaum ua haujlwm nrog As2O3. Ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj cua zoo.
Side effects
Cov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj no muaj xws li cov tsos mob xws li:
- kev tshaib plab;
- ntua;
- nausea;
- mob plab;
- cem quav;
- mob taub hau;
- faus;
- kiv taub hau;
- fever;
- teeb meem ua pa;
- cov ntshav dawb suav ntau;
- ntshav qab zib siab;
- pob khaus.
Cov kev mob tshwm sim tsawg dua suav nrog:
- dry mouth;
- ua pa tsis zoo;
- mob plab;
- qe ntshav dawb suav;
- mob pob txha thiab pob txha;
- o ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab ob lub qhov muag;
- mob plab;
- tremor;
- ntshav qab zib tsawg;
- ntshav ntshav qis qis.
Rareside effects As2O3:
- lub plawv dhia tsis tu ncua (nws tuaj yeem ua rau tuag);
- hnyav nce;
- fainting;
- kev xav tsis thoob;
- coma;
- plab plab;
x
Cov tsos mob ua rau tuag taus ntawm arsenic trioxide raug yuag, ua npaws, ua pa nyuaj, ua tsis taus pa, mob hauv siab, hnoos.
Arsenic trioxide yog ib yam tshuaj lom heev uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj nws cov txiaj ntsig hauv kev kho mob. Yuav tsum ceev faj ib txwm.
tshuaj tiv thaiv
Arsenic trioxide yog amphoteric siab dua oxide ntawm arsenic, thiab nws cov tshuaj aqueous yog me ntsis acidic. Yog li, nws yooj yim yaj hauv cov tshuaj alkaline los tsim cov arsenates. Nws yog tsawg soluble nyob rau hauv acids tsuas yog hydrochloric acid.
Tsuas muaj cov oxidizing muaj zog xws li ozone, hydrogen peroxide thiab nitric acid, nws tsim arsenic penta-oxide nrog +5 acidity As 2 O5 . Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm oxidation tsis kam, arsenic trioxide txawv ntawm phosphorus trioxide, uas yooj yim hlawv rau phosphorus pentoxide. Kev txo qis muab cov ntsiab lus arsenic lossis arsine (AsH3).
Arsenic pentoxide
Cov tshuaj formula ntawm pentoxide yog As2O5. Nws molar mass yog 229.8402 g / mol. Nws yog cov hmoov dawb hygroscopic nrog qhov ntom ntawm 4,32g/cm3. Lub melting point ncav cuag 315 ° C, thaum nws pib decompose. Cov khoom muaj zoo solubility hauv dej thiab cawv. Cov khoom ntawm arsenic oxide ua rau nws muaj kuab lom thiab txaus ntshai rau ib puag ncig. Nws yog ib qho inorganic compound uas tsis tshua muaj, muaj kuab heev, thiab yog li ntawd tsuas muaj kev lag luam siv xwb, tsis zoo li ntau dua arsenic oxide (formula As 2 O 3).
Arsenic paub feem ntau yog tshuaj lom thiab carcinogen. Nws cov trioxide yog cov dej-soluble hmoov uas tsim cov xim tsis muaj xim, tsis qab thiab tsw ntxhiab. Nws yog ib txoj kev uas nrov tua thaum lub sij hawm Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws siv txuas ntxiv niaj hnub no, tab sis rau kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab muaj me me.
