Francisk Skaryna yog ib lub npe nrov Belarusian pioneer tshuab luam ntawv thiab kws qhia ntawv. Tshaj li 40 xyoo kev ua haujlwm, nws tau sim nws txhais tes ntawm tshuaj, kev xav, thiab horticulture. Nws kuj tau mus ntau heev, tuaj rau Russia, tham nrog Prussian Duke.
Lub neej ntawm Francysk Skaryna, uas nws daim duab tau muab tso rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm, yog qhov xwm txheej heev. Thaum nws tseem hluas, nws tau mus kawm kev tshawb fawb hauv tebchaws Ltalis, qhov chaw nws tau los ua thawj tus neeg kawm tiav Eastern European tau txais lub npe ntawm Kws Kho Mob. Nws raug coj los rau hauv txoj kev ntseeg Catholic, tab sis nws tau koom nrog txoj kev kawm ntawm Orthodoxy. Skaryna tau los ua thawj tus neeg uas coj phau Vajlugkub txhais lus rau hauv East Slavic lus, nkag siab rau nws cov neeg. Txog thaum ntawd, tag nrho cov tsev teev ntuj tau sau rau hauv lub Koom Txoos Slavonic.
phau Vajlugkub txhais ua lus Slavic
Thawj phau ntawv txhais lus hauv phau Vajlugkub tau ua los ntawm Cyril thiab Methodius nyob rau ib nrab xyoo pua 9th. Lawv txhais los ntawm Byzantine Greek cov npe rau hauv lub Koom Txoos Slavonic (Stra Slavonic), uas lawv kujtsim los siv lawv haiv neeg Bulgarian-Macedonian lus raws li lawv lub hauv paus. Ib puas xyoo tom qab, lwm yam kev txhais lus Slavic raug coj los ntawm Bulgaria mus rau Russia. Qhov tseeb, pib txij li xyoo pua 11th, lub ntsiab lus ntawm South Slavic txhais cov phau ntawv biblical tau muaj rau Eastern Slavs.
phau Vajlugkub txhais tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 14-15th nyob rau hauv Czech koom pheej kuj cuam tshuam rau kev txhais lus ntawm cov Eastern Slavs. Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum tau txhais los ntawm Latin thiab tau nthuav dav thoob plaws hauv 14th-15th centuries.
Thiab thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, Francis Skorina tau txhais phau Vajlugkub rau hauv lub Koom Txoos Slavonic hauv Belarusian tsab. Nws yog thawj phau Vajlugkub txhais lus ze rau cov lus.
Keeb Kwm
Franciscus (Franciszek) Skaryna yug hauv Polotsk.
Kev sib piv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv tsev kawm qib siab (nkag mus rau University of Krakow hauv 1504, thiab hauv kev ua ntawm University of Padua, hnub tim 1512, nws tau nthuav tawm ua "tus txiv neej hluas") qhia tias nws yug los nyob ib puag ncig 1490 (tejzaum nws nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub 1480s). Phau ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Francysk Skaryna yog deb ntawm kev paub tag nrho rau cov kws tshawb fawb.
Lawv ntseeg tias keeb kwm ntawm lub npe Skaryna txuas nrog lo lus qub "sai" (skin) lossis "skaryna" (tev).
thawj cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha txog tsev neeg no tau paub txij thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th.
Txiv Francis, Lukyan Skorina, tau hais nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm Lavxias teb sab Embassy thov ntawm 1492 tawm tsam Polotsk cov tub lag luam. Francysk Skaryna muaj ib tug tij laug, Ivan. tsab cai lij chojhu nws ob tus neeg ua lag luam Vilnius thiab Polochan. Lub npe ntawm tus vajtswv txiv ntawm thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv Belarusian kuj tsis paub. Hauv nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm, Skaryna siv lub npe "Franciscus" ntau dua 100 zaug, qee zaus - "Franciszek".
Hauv qab no yog daim duab ntawm Francysk Skaryna, luam tawm los ntawm nws tus kheej hauv phau Vajlugkub.
Skorina tau txais nws txoj kev kawm thawj zaug hauv nws niam nws txiv lub tsev, qhov chaw nws kawm nyeem thiab sau ntawv hauv Cyrillic siv Ps alter. Cov lus ntawm kev tshawb fawb (Latin) nws kawm, feem ntau yuav, ntawm pawg ntseeg ntawm Polotsk lossis Vilna.
Nyob rau hauv 1504, ib tug inquisitive thiab enterprising Polochan nkag mus rau hauv lub University of Krakow, uas thaum lub sij hawm ntawd yog nto moo nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe rau nws cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm liberal arts, qhov chaw uas lawv kawm sau ntawv, rhetoric, dialectics (lub Trivium voj voog) thiab lej, geometry, astronomy thiab suab paj nruag ("quadrivium" voj voog).
Kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv tso cai rau Francysk Skaryna kom nkag siab qhov kev xav dav dav thiab kev paub txog "xya liberal arts" coj mus rau ib tus neeg.
Nws pom txhua yam hauv phau Vajlugkub. Nws tau qhia tag nrho nws cov kev txhais lus thiab tshaj tawm yav tom ntej kom ua kom phau Vajlugkub nkag mus rau “cov neeg hauv Tebchaws.”
Hauv xyoo 1506, Skaryna tau txais nws thawj daim bachelor's degree hauv kev xav.
Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1508, Skaryna ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv rau tus huab tais Danish.
Txhawm rau txuas ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm European universities (kev kho mob thiab kev ntseeg), Skaryna kuj yuav tsum dhau los ua tus tswv ntawm kev kos duab.
Tsis paub tseeb qhov twguniversities, qhov no tshwm sim: nyob rau hauv Krakow los yog lwm yam, tab sis nyob rau hauv 1512 nws tuaj txog nyob rau hauv ltalis ntawm lub npe nrov University of Padua, twb muaj ib tug master's degree nyob rau hauv liberal sciences. Skaryna xaiv lub tsev kawm ntawv no rau nws tus kws kho mob hauv tshuaj.
Tus tub hluas pluag tab sis muaj peev xwm raug tso cai xeem. Tau ob hnub, nws tau koom nrog kev sib cav nrog cov kws tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig, tiv thaiv nws tus kheej lub tswv yim.
Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1512, nyob rau hauv tus npis sov lub palace, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb nto moo los ntawm University of Padua thiab cov thawj coj siab tshaj ntawm lub Koom Txoos Catholic, Skaryna tau tshaj tawm tias yog kws kho mob hauv kev kho mob.
Nws yog qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb: tus tub ntawm tus tub lag luam los ntawm Polotsk tau ua pov thawj tias lub peev xwm thiab kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj li keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg muaj koob meej. Nws portrait, tsim twb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, yog nyob rau hauv lub memorial Hall ntawm 40 portraits nto moo European kws tshawb fawb uas kawm tiav los ntawm University of Padua.
Scorina kuj muaj Ph. D. hauv kev tshawb fawb liberal. Western European universities hu ua "xya free sciences".
Ntxhais hmoob
Hauv phau ntawv keeb kwm luv luv ntawm Francysk Skaryna tau hais tias tom qab 1525 thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv sib yuav Margarita, tus poj ntsuam ntawm Vilna tub lag luam, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm Vilna Council Yuri Advernik. Lub sijhawm no, nws ua tus kws kho mob thiab tus tuav ntaub ntawv rau Npis Sov hauv Vilna.
Xyoo 1529 nyuaj heev rau Skaryna. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, nws tus tij laug Ivan tuag hauv Poznań. Francis tau mus rau qhov ntawd los daws cov teeb meem ntsig txog kev qub txeeg qub teg. Nws tuag tam sim ntawd tib lub xyoo. Margarita. Skaryna tus tub Simeon tseem nyob hauv nws txhais tes.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1532, Francis raug ntes ntawm qhov tsis muaj peev xwm thiab tsis lees paub los ntawm nws tus kwv tij cov qiv nyiaj thiab tau mus rau hauv tsev loj cuj hauv Poznań. Tsuas yog raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus tub Ivan lig (Roman tus xeeb ntxwv) nws tau rov kho dua.
Francis Skaryna: nthuav qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej
Nws xav tias nyob rau xyoo 1520s - thaum ntxov 1530s, thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv tau mus xyuas Moscow, qhov chaw uas nws nqa nws phau ntawv, luam tawm hauv Lavxias. Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Skaryna lub neej thiab txoj kev muaj tswv yim ntseeg tias xyoo 1525 nws tau mus rau German nroog Wittenberg (qhov chaw ntawm Kev Hloov Kho), qhov chaw nws tau ntsib nrog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm German Protestants Martin Luther.
Xyoo 1530, Duke Albrecht tau caw nws mus rau Koenigsberg rau phau ntawv luam tawm.
Nyob rau nruab nrab-1530s Skaryna tsiv mus rau Prague. Nws tau raug caw los ntawm Czech huab tais mus rau txoj haujlwm ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas hauv lub vaj qhib botanical hauv lub tsev fuabtais Hradcany.
Cov kws tshawb fawb txog keeb kwm ntawm Francysk Skaryna ntseeg hais tias ntawm Czech lub tsev hais plaub muaj koob muaj npe, nws feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog. Lub npe kws kho mob "hauv kev tshawb fawb tshuaj", tau txais los ntawm nws hauv Padua, xav tau ib qho kev paub txog botany.
Los ntawm 1534 lossis 1535, Francis ua haujlwm ua tus kws kho tsiaj muaj koob muaj npe hauv Prague.
Tej zaum, vim qhov kev paub tsis txaus, lwm qhov tseeb nthuav txog Francis Skaryna tseem tsis paub.
Phau ntawv tshaj tawm thiab kev kawm ua haujlwm
Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm 1512 txog 1517. Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tshwm sim hauv Prague - qhov chaw ntawm Czechtypography.
Kev txhais thiab tshaj tawm phau Vajlugkub, nws yuav tsum tsis yog kom paub txog Czech biblical kev tshawb fawb, tab sis kuj yuav tsum paub Czech lus kom meej. Hauv Prague, Francis xaj cov cuab yeej luam ntawv, tom qab ntawd nws pib txhais phau Vajlugkub thiab sau cov lus qhia rau nws.
Skarina cov haujlwm tshaj tawm ua ke ua ke cov kev paub ntawm European luam ntawv thiab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Belarusian art.
Thawj phau ntawv ntawm Francysk Skaryna - Prague ib tsab ntawm ib phau ntawv biblical, Ps alter (1517).
F. Skaryna tau txhais phau Vajlugkub ua ib hom lus nyob ze rau Belarusian thiab nkag siab rau cov neeg zoo tib yam (Church Slavonic in the Belarusian edition).
Nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov neeg pab nyiaj (lawv yog Vilna burgomaster Yakub Babich, tus kws pab tswv yim Bogdan Onkav thiab Yuriy Advernik), nws tau luam tawm 23 phau ntawv piav qhia ntawm Phau Qub hauv Lavxias qub xyoo 1517-1519 hauv Prague. Nyob rau hauv ntu: Ps alter (6.08.1517), Phau Ntawv Txoj Haujlwm (6.10.1517), Paj Lug ntawm Xalaumoo (6.10.2517), Yexus Sirahab (5.12.1517), Lus Qhuab Qhia (2.01.1518), Nkauj Nkauj (9.01. 1517), Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum (1518-19-01), Thawj Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum (1518-10-08), Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum (1518-10-08), Peb Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum (1518-10-08), Plaub Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum (1518-10-08), Yausua ntawm Nun (1518-20-12), Judith (02/9/1519), Cov Txiav Txim (1519-15-12), Chiv Keeb (1519), Tawm (1519)), Levi Tej Kevcai (1519), Ruth (1519), Xwm Txheej Taug Kev (1519), Kevcai (1519), Esther (1519), Kev quaj ntsuag ntawm Yelemis (1519), Yaj Saub Daniel (1519).
Txhua phau Vajlugkub tau tawm los ua ib qhov teeb meem sib cais, nrog rau nplooj ntawv, muaj nws tus kheej ua ntej thiab tom qab. Qhov twgtus tshaj tawm tau ua raws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov ntawv nyeem (tib hom ntawv, typing strip, font, artic design). Yog li, nws tau muab rau qhov muaj peev xwm nqa tau tag nrho cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv ib daim npog.
Cov phau ntawv muaj 51 cov ntawv luam ntawm engraving rau ntawm daim ntawv los ntawm lub phaj (board) uas yog siv los kos duab.
Peb zaug hauv phau ntawv ntawm Francysk Skaryna nws tus kheej tau luam tawm. Tsis muaj lwm tus tshaj tawm phau Vajlugkub tau ua li no nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe.
Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, nplooj ntawv lub npe ntawm phau Vajlugkub dais lub foob (lub tsho caj npab) ntawm Skaryna, Kws Kho Mob.
Kev txhais lus ua los ntawm thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv, canonically raug nyob rau hauv kev hloov ntawm tsab ntawv thiab tus ntsuj plig ntawm phau Vajlugkub, tsis tso cai rau kev ywj pheej thiab ntxiv ntawm tus neeg txhais lus. Cov ntawv khaws cia lub xeev ntawm cov lus sib xws rau Hebrew thiab Ancient Greek keeb kwm.
Cov phau ntawv ntawm Francysk Skaryna tau tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tsim qauv ntawm Belarusian cov lus sau, tau los ua thawj phau Vajlugkub rau hauv East Slavonic.
Tus kws qhia ntawv Belarusian paub zoo txog tej hauj lwm ntawm cov txiv plig nto moo nyob rau hnub ntawd, piv txwv li, St. Basil the Great - Npis Sov ntawm Caesarea. Nws paub txog tej hauj lwm ntawm John Chrysostom thiab Gregory theologian, uas nws hais txog. Nws cov ntawv tshaj tawm yog Orthodox hauv cov ntsiab lus thiab tau tsim los ua kom tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg Orthodox ntawm Belarus.
Skarina sim ua nws cov lus hauv phau Vajlugkub yooj yim thiab nkag siab. Lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog keeb kwm, niaj hnub, theological, lus xwm txheej thiab qhov tseeb. ATNyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm theological, qhov chaw tseem ceeb hauv cov lus ua ntej thiab cov lus tom qab sau los ntawm nws tau nyob los ntawm exagesis - kev piav qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Phau Qub raws li kev qhia ua ntej thiab cov lus faj lem ntawm Phau Tshiab cov xwm txheej, kev yeej ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv hauv ntiaj teb. thiab kev cia siab ntawm txoj kev cawm seej nyob mus ib txhis.
Daim duab hauv qab no qhia txog ib npib ntawm Francysk Skaryna. Nws tau tso tawm xyoo 1990 los ua koob tsheej nco txog 500 xyoo ntawm lub hnub yug ntawm lub koob tsheej Belarusian thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv.
thawj phau ntawv Belarusian
Hais txog 1520, Francis nrhiav tau lub tsev luam ntawv hauv Vilnius. Tej zaum, nws raug yuam kom txav lub tsev luam ntawv mus rau Vilna los ntawm kev xav kom nyob ze rau nws cov neeg, rau qhov kev pom ntawm nws ua haujlwm (hauv xyoo ntawd, lub tebchaws Belarusian yog ib feem ntawm Grand Duchy ntawm Lithuania). Skaryna tau muab qhov chaw rau lub tsev luam ntawv hauv nws lub tsev los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm Vilnius magistrate, "senior burgomaster" Jakub Babich.
Thawj Vilnius tsab - "Cov Ntawv Me Me". Skaryna muab lub npe no rau ib phau ntawm pawg ntseeg phau ntawv luam tawm los ntawm nws hauv Vilnius hauv 1522.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, "Txoj Kev Me Me" suav nrog: Ps alter, Phau Ntawv Teev Sijhawm, Akathist mus rau lub Sepulcher Dawb Huv, Canon of the Life-giving Sepulcher, Akathist to Archangel Michael, Canon rau Archangel Michael, Akathist rau John the Kev cai raus dej, Canon rau Yauhas tus Baptist, Akathist rau Niam ntawm Vajtswv, Canon rau Leej Niam ntawm Vajtswv, Akathist Saints Peter thiab Paul, Canon rau Saints Peter thiab Paul, Akathist rau Saint Nicholas, Canon rau Saint Nicholas, Akathist rau tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm tus Tswv, Canon rau tus ntoo khaub lig ntawm tus Tswv, Akathist rau Yexus, Canon rau Yexus, Shastidnovets, Canon ntawm lub hloov siab lees txim, Canon hnub Saturday ntawm Matins, "Councilors", thiab kuj generalafterword "Sau hais lus nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no Me me mus txawv tebchaws."
Qhov no yog ib hom tshiab ntawm sau nyob rau hauv East Slavic phau ntawv sau, hais rau ob tug txiv plig thiab cov neeg ntiaj teb - tub lag luam, tub ceev xwm, kws txawj, tub rog, uas, vim lawv cov dej num, siv sij hawm ntau nyob rau hauv txoj kev. Cov neeg no xav tau kev txhawb nqa ntawm sab ntsuj plig, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, cov lus thov Vajtswv.
Ps alter (1522) thiab Tus Thwj Tim (1525) luam tawm los ntawm Skaryna ua ib pawg cais ntawm phau ntawv tsis tau txhais, tab sis yoog los ntawm lwm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic, ze rau pej xeem cov lus.
Tsab Ntawv ntawm Tus Thwj Tim
Xyoo 1525, Skaryna luam tawm hauv Vilnius yog ib phau ntawv tshaj plaws hauv Cyrillic - "Tus Thwj Tim". Qhov no yog nws thawj zaug raws nraim hnub tim thiab lub xeem tsab, qhov kev tso tawm uas yog ib tug kev xav thiab ntuj continuation ntawm lub lag luam ntawm publishing biblical phau ntawv, pib nyob rau hauv Prague. Zoo li Phau Ntawv Txoj Kev Me, Tus Thwj Tim ntawm 1525 tau npaj rau ntau tus neeg nyeem. Nyob rau hauv ntau prefaces rau phau ntawv, thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kws qhia ntawv sau 22 prefaces thiab 17 afterwords rau "Tubtxib", cov ntsiab lus ntawm seem, ib tug neeg cov lus tau piav qhia, "tsaus" kab lus piav qhia. Tag nrho cov ntawv sau ua ntej los ntawm cov lus qhia dav dav los ntawm Skaryna "Los ntawm kev ua ntawm lub ntiaj teb, tus tubtxib ntawm cov phau ntawv raug tshem tawm." Nws qhuas cov ntseeg txoj kev ntseeg, ua rau muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm tib neeg lub neej.
Worldview
Txoj kev xav ntawm kev nkag siab hais tias nws tsis yog ib tus neeg paub tab nkaus xwb.
Nws pabkev nthuav dav ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab kev paub, uas tuaj yeem pom hauv kab hauv qab no:
"Txhua tus neeg yuav tsum tau nyeem, vim kev nyeem ntawv yog daim iav ntawm peb lub neej, tshuaj rau tus ntsuj plig."
Francis Skaryna yog suav tias yog tus tsim ntawm kev nkag siab tshiab ntawm kev hlub, uas pom tias yog kev hlub thiab kev hwm rau ib tus Niam Tsev. Los ntawm cov lus hais txog kev hlub, cov lus hauv qab no ntawm nws nyiam:
“Txij thaum yug los, cov tsiaj nyaum uas taug kev hauv suab puam paub lawv lub qhov, cov noog ya saum huab cua paub lawv lub zes; cov ntses ua luam dej hauv hiav txwv thiab hauv cov dej ntws tuaj yeem hnov lawv tus kheej vira; muv thiab cov nyiam ua rau lawv khaus khaus, tib neeg yeej muaj tseeb, thiab qhov twg cov ntsiab lus raws li Bose yug thiab tu, mus rau qhov chaw uas muaj kev hlub tshua zoo."
Thiab yog rau peb cov neeg nyob niaj hnub no, uas nws cov lus tau hais, kom tib neeg
"…lawv tsis npau taws rau ib qho kev ua haujlwm hnyav thiab tsoomfwv ua haujlwm rau Lub Tebchaws thiab rau Leej Txiv."
Nws cov lus muaj kev txawj ntse ntawm lub neej ntawm ntau tiam neeg:
"Txoj kevcai uas yug los peb tau saib ntau zaus: kho rau lwm tus txhua yam uas koj tus kheej nyiam noj los ntawm lwm tus, thiab tsis txhob kho rau lwm tus, uas koj tus kheej tsis xav tau los ntawm lwm tus …Txoj kevcai no yog yug los rau ib tug series ntawm txhua tus """.
Lub ntsiab lus ua haujlwm
Francisk Skaryna yog thawj zaug luam tawm ib phau ntawv nkauj hauv Belarusian lus, uas yog, thawj zaug siv cov tsiaj ntawv Cyrillic. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1517. Hauv ob xyoos, nws tau txhais phau Vajlugkub feem ntau. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws muaj cov monuments, txoj kev thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv uas tuav nws lub npe. Skaryna yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm.
Nws nyob hauvzoo heev pab rau kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Belarusian lus thiab kev sau ntawv. Nws yog ib tug neeg sab ntsuj plig heev uas Vajtswv thiab tib neeg sib cais tsis tau.
Nws qhov kev ua tiav yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kab lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm. Reformers xws li John Wycliffe tau txhais phau Vajlugkub nyob rau nruab nrab hnub nyoog thiab raug tsim txom. Skaryna yog ib qho ntawm thawj Renaissance humanists los ua txoj haujlwm no dua. Muaj tseeb tiag, nws phau Vajlugkub ua ntej Luther txhais tau ntau xyoo.
Raws li kev lees paub rau pej xeem, qhov no tseem tsis tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Cov lus Belarusian tsuas yog tsim, yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic lus, nrog rau kev qiv nyiaj los ntawm Czech, tau khaws cia hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub enlightener tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub niaj hnub Belarusian lus. Nco qab tias nws tsuas yog tus kws tshawb fawb thib ob uas luam tawm hauv Cyrillic. Nws cov lus qhuab qhia zoo nkauj yog thawj cov piv txwv ntawm Belarusian paj huam.
Rau thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv, phau Vajlugkub yuav tsum tau sau ua hom lus siv tau kom nws thiaj li to taub tsis yog los ntawm cov neeg kawm xwb, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm tib neeg. Cov phau ntawv uas nws luam tawm yog npaj rau cov neeg dag. Ntau ntawm nws lub tswv yim zoo ib yam li Martin Luther. Zoo li cov Protestant hloov kho, tus kws qhia Belarusian nkag siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tshiab hauv kev nthuav tawm nws cov tswv yim. Nws tau ua thawj lub tsev luam ntawv hauv Vilna, thiab nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob sab nraud ntawm Belarus.
Skarina kuj yog ib qho zoo heev engraver: ci woodcuts depicting biblical nuj nqis nyob rau hauv ib txwm Belarusian costume pab cov neeg tsis nyeem ntawv nkag siab txog kev ntseegtswv yim.
Lub sijhawm nws lub neej, Francysk Skaryna tsis tau paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb, txij li tsis tau muaj kev hloov pauv Orthodox hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb. Tom qab nws tuag, qhov xwm txheej hloov me ntsis. Nws tsis tau rhuav tshem nws lub ntiaj teb uas paub zoo ib yam li Luther ua. Qhov tseeb, Skaryna nws tus kheej tej zaum yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nkag siab txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev hloov kho. Txawm hais tias nws siv lus thiab kos duab tshiab, nws tsis xav ua kom lub Koom Txoos rhuav tshem tag nrho.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem nyiam cov neeg nyob sib ze. Nws tau pom los ntawm cov neeg pej xeem ntawm xyoo pua 19th, uas xav hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "thawj Belarusian kev txawj ntse". Skaryna txoj haujlwm hauv Vilna tau muab lub hauv paus los thov kom lub nroog tau txais kev ywj pheej los ntawm Poland.
Nyob rau hauv daim duab hauv qab no - lub monument rau Francysk Skaryna hauv Minsk. Monuments rau Belarusian luam pioneer tseem nyob hauv Polotsk, Lida, Kaliningrad, Prague.
xyoo tshiab
Lub xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej, Francysk Skaryna tau koom nrog kev kho mob. Xyoo 1520, nws yog tus kws kho mob thiab tus tuav ntaub ntawv rau Npis Sov Jan ntawm Vilna, thiab twb nyob rau xyoo 1529, thaum muaj kev sib kis, nws tau raug caw tuaj rau Koenigsberg los ntawm Prussian Duke Albrecht ntawm Hohenzollern.
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-1530s, ntawm lub tsev hais plaub Czech, nws tau koom nrog hauv lub hom phiaj ntawm Sigismund I.
Thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv tuag tsis pub dhau lub Ib Hlis 29, 1552. Qhov no yog pov thawj los ntawm charter ntawm Vaj Ntxwv Ferdinand II, muab rau tus tub ntawm Francysk Skaryna Simeon, uas tau tso cai rau tom kawg siv tag nrho cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm nws txiv: vaj tse, phau ntawv, nuj nqis.cov luag num. Txawm li cas los xij, hnub kawg ntawm kev tuag thiab qhov chaw faus tseem tsis tau tsim.
Hauv qab no hauv daim duab yog Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Francysk Skaryna. Nws yog muab khoom plig rau cov pej xeem rau kev kawm, kev tshawb fawb, humanitarian, kev ua ub no rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov neeg Belarusian. Award pom zoo 13.04. Xyoo 1995.
Tus neeg paub zoo thiab niaj hnub
Tam sim no, qhov khoom plig siab tshaj plaws ntawm Belarus muaj npe tom qab Skaryna: kev txiav txim thiab khoom plig. Cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab txoj kev, tsev qiv ntawv thiab cov koom haum pej xeem kuj muaj npe tom qab nws.
Hnub no cov cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Francysk Skaryna suav nrog 520 phau ntawv, ntau yam nyob hauv Russia, Poland, Czech koom pheej, Lub teb chaws Yelemees. Txog 50 lub teb chaws muaj cov ntawv luam ntawm Belarusian thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv. Muaj 28 daim ntawv luam hauv Belarus.
Nyob rau xyoo 2017, uas tau mob siab rau 500th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Belarusian phau ntawv luam tawm, lub cim tshwj xeeb, "Cov Ntawv Me Me" tau xa rov qab rau lub tebchaws.
