Txhua lub sijhawm hauv keeb kwm tawm nws lub cim ntawm kab lis kev cai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntaub ntawv. Cov kws sau paj lug thiab cov kws sau ntawv siv zog ua kom tsis txawj tuag lawv lub sijhawm hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhia lawv cov kev xav hauv paj huam, paj huam, dab neeg thiab dab neeg.
Sijhawm Ncej
Thaum tig ntawm 19th-20th centuries, ib qho kev taw qhia tshiab kiag li hauv kev muaj tswv yim tau tshwm sim thiab tsim nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws tshuav nws lub cim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj rau suab paj nruag, painting thiab lwm yam kev kos duab. Txog li 35 xyoo, muaj kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb hauv Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, uas tau tso lub ntiaj teb nrog cov cuab yeej cuab tam loj heev. Cov kws sau paj huam zoo nkauj uas nws cov paj huam tau qhuas nyob deb dhau ntawm ciam teb ntawm Russia, cov kws kos duab uas nws cov duab kos npe rau cov khoom ntiag tug thiab cov tsev khaws puav pheej, cov kws sau ntawv, cov kws sau ntawv ua haujlwm classical.
Ntse
Lo lus "Silver Age" tau nkag mus rau hauv keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai thiab paub yuav luag txhua tus. Ntau lub sij hawm mob siab rau txoj kev kawm ntawm lub sij hawm luv luv no hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv cov ntawv nyeem.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm yog thawj zaug qhia txog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub sijhawm, nrog rau cov ntawv sau txog cov kws sau paj huam thiab lawv txoj haujlwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no tau kawm hauv keeb kwm zaj lus qhia.
Keeb Kwm ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj Txiag tshwm sim hauv kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Thiab qhov no yog kiag li tsis txhob txwm, vim hais tias nws yog nyob rau lub sij hawm no uas decadence tuaj rau hauv lub artistic kab lis kev cai. Thiab nws tau hais cov cai tshiab - qhov kev tsis lees paub feem ntau lees txais pej xeem lub tswv yim thiab nkag mus rau hauv ib qho kev paub dhau los. Cov neeg muaj tswv yim nrhiav kev khiav tawm mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb kev xav thiab kev npau suav, kom nkaum ntawm kev hem thawj ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab nraud.
Tab sis qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias qhov kev ncua deb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim los ntawm lub neej tiag tiag. Siv tag nrho cov arsenal ntawm cov cim thiab cov qauv kev hais lus, cov kws sau paj lug tau tswj hwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd thiab ua kom ze rau cov neeg nyeem.
School program
Cov kws tshaj lij tau pom zoo kom pib thawj tus neeg paub nrog Nyiaj Hnub nyoog hauv tsev kawm theem qis. Tus me nyuam twb muaj qee yam lus uas pab kom pom tau cov ntaub ntawv no. Rau lub hnub nyoog no, paj huam txog xwm yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Lawv yuav pab kom paub lub tswv yim ntawm cov cim hauv cov ntawv nyeem thiab pab cov neeg muaj tswv yim qhib.
Kev kawm niaj hnub yog raws li qhov nyuaj, yog li cov lus qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, keeb kwm, kab lis kev cai kos duab koom nrog kev kos duab sib luag thiab kawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm cov kws sau paj huam 'creativity.
Ib qho kev paub tob dua nrog Nyiaj Hnub Nyoog yog muab los ntawm cov kev kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv hauv qib 9. Thaum kawg ntawm lub ncauj lus, cov tub ntxhais kawmcaw los ua kev nthuav qhia rau lub ntsiab lus "Kuv nyiam paj huam ntawm lub hnub nyoog nyiaj". Nyob rau hauv zaj lus qhia no, txhua leej txhua tus tuaj yeem qhia qhov nws nyiam tshaj plaws, dab tsi txhawb nqa thiab txhawb kev nkag siab nrog tus phab ej.
Tom qab kawm txog lub sijhawm no hauv cov ntaub ntawv, cov kws qhia ntawv tab tom npaj cov ntawv sau "Kuv tus kws sau paj huam nyiam nyiaj hnub nyoog". Yog li cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis yog ua kom lawv txoj kev paub xwb, tab sis kuj kawm qhia lawv qhov kev xav.
Ib nqe lus ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Tus kws sau paj huam nyiam" tuaj yeem muab rau cov tub ntxhais kawm ua ib qho ntawm cov ncauj lus pub dawb. Cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav muaj peev xwm qhia lawv tus kheej kom ntau li ntau tau, qhia paub thiab muaj tswv yim hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.
Yuav kom cov txheej txheem kev kawm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov menyuam yaus thiab lawv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj tau yug los rau ntau yam hauv kev kos duab paj huam, uas yog cov cim, futurism, acmeism, imagism.
Symbolism
Cov paj huam ntawm cov cim yog cov paj huam tshiab ntawm cov lus qhia thiab cov koom haum, ua rau cov duab kos duab. Cov cim tau pab qhia cov kev xav thiab kev paub, uas tsuas yog txhim kho kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub suab thiab kev xa mus rau lub siab. Cov kws sau paj lug ntawm qhov sib txawv no tau ntsib kev sib raug zoo thiab sab ntsuj plig kev sib tsoo ntawm tib neeg. Lawv tau xav txog tag nrho cov no hauv lawv cov paj huam thiab tau los ua cov keeb kwm zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias cov ntawv nyeem. A. Blok, N. Gumilyov, K. Balmont, V. Bryusov, D. Merezhkovsky thiab ntau lwm tus neeg yog cov qauv no. Thaum sau ib tsab ntawv rau lub ntsiab lus "Kuv nyiamCov kws sau paj huam ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj" tuaj yeem ua tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab paj huam thiab qhia cov piv txwv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov qauv no.
Futurism
Cov kws sau paj huam Futurist nrhiav kev rhuav tshem cov stereotypes ntawm kev sau paj huam. Lawv txhawb kev ywj pheej hauv txhua yam - lus sib dhos, cov lus, cov cim cim. Ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws yog V. Mayakovsky, uas nws cov paj huam yog thawj thiab cim. Thiab yog tias koj sau ib tsab ntawv hais txog nws "Kuv tus kws sau paj huam uas nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj", ces koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xav tias cov kwj ntawm kev xav thiab cov semantics ntawm lo lus daim ntawv.
Acmeism
N. S. Gumilyov yog ib tug kws sau paj lug ntawm Silver Age, uas tau los ua tus tsim ntawm cov qauv no hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Acmeists siv zog siv cov ntawv qub thiab cov lus, qhia lawv cov kev xav kom raug thiab muaj laj thawj. Lawv cov paj huam zoo siab thiab nkag siab rau txhua tus, lawv sim ntsuas cov kev xav thiab kev xav, muab lawv lub ntsiab lus thiab qhwv rau hauv ib lub wreath ntawm cov lus qhov tseeb uas nkag siab zoo rau lub ntiaj teb thiab tib neeg. Koj nyiam paj huam. N. Gumilyov, A. Akhmatova lossis O. Mandelstam? Tom qab ntawd cov ntawv sau "Kuv Nyiam Tus Kws Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij Tshaj Lij" yuav pab nthuav tawm cov qauv no kom ntau li ntau tau thiab nthuav tawm cov kev xav ntawm cov kws sau ntawv kom raug thiab sib haum xeeb.
Imagism
Imagist kws sau paj lug siv cov lus piv txwv, cov lus qhia thiab kev sib piv hauv lawv cov kev tsim, uas pab qhia lawv cov kev xav kom raug raws li qhov ua tau. Ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo tshaj plaws thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv no yog S. Yesenin. Nws yog rau nws tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm paj huam thiab canons thiab peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab lus thiab pej xeem kos duab belongs. Tsis tas li ntawd, Yesenin tawm tsam qhov kev coj ua yav tom ntej, uas yog qhov tsis sib xws rau cov kev xav ntawm Imagists. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov paj huam, tshwj xeeb mloog yog them rau toj roob hauv pes lyrics, poets hu nkauj ntawm kev zoo nkauj ntawm xwm, uas yog li consonant nrog tib neeg txoj kev xav thiab kev xav. Thiab yog tias koj nyiam tus kws sau paj huam ntawm Nyiaj Hnub Nyoog yog Yesenin lossis Vadim Shershnevich, tom qab ntawd los ntawm kev sib xyaw koj tuaj yeem qhia qhov tob ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm thiab taug qab lub sijhawm ci ntsa iab ntawm lawv txoj kev muaj tswv yim. Thiab qhov no tseem ceeb heev rau cov nyeem.
Example
Raws li piv txwv rau kev sau ib tsab ntawv hais txog koj tus kws sau paj huam uas nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj, koj tuaj yeem hais cov paj huam ntawm Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin.
S. A. Yesenin yog tus kws sau paj huam uas kuv nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj.
Kuv poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog tus kws sau paj huam Lavxias nrog nws cov paj huam, cov kab yooj yim uas qhia lub ntsiab lus zoo.
Nws nqe "Birch" ua rau tus ntsuj plig qhuas qhov kev zoo nkauj zoo nkauj ntawm tsob ntoo Lavxias yooj yim. Ib qho zoo kawg nkaus snowy yav tsaus ntuj thiab ib tsob ntoo birch sab nraum lub qhov rais tam sim ntawd tshwm. Ib co warmth warms tus ntsuj plig…
Cov lus yooj yooj yim coj koj mus rau qhov chaw, ntawm feeb thaum daus ntog rau ntawm ceg ntoo birch:
…Thiab kaj ntug, tub nkeeg
Taug kev, Txiv ceg ntoo nyiaj tshiab.
Txhua zaj paj huam los ntawm Sergei Yesenin yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab nkag siab yooj yim heev. Tab sis cov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab nyiam tshaj plaws los ntawm ntau lab tus tib neeg cov paj huam yog:
1. "Nco".
2. "Lub Caij Nplooj Ntoos Hlav".
3. “Koj nyob qhov twg, koj nyob qhov twg, txivtsev.
4. "Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tsis zoo li kev xyiv fab."
5. "Sunrise".
6. "Kuv npau suav. Txoj kev yog dub."
7. "Birch".
8. "Nyob xyooj."
9. "Cov reeds rustled hla lub backwater."
10. "Autumn".
Ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, cov ntawv sau "Kuv Nyiam Nyiaj Hnub Nyoog Tus Kws Sau Ntawv" yuav pab cov tub ntxhais kawm kos cov lus xaus txog lub sijhawm nyuaj hauv kev sau ntawv hauv tebchaws Russia thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg.
