Hnub no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation muaj ob-theem kev kawm ntawv qib siab, thaum kawg ntawm thawj theem ib tug neeg qhia ib tug bachelor's degree, qhov thib ob - ib tug master's degree. Kev kawm ib leeg nrog cov kev tsim nyog "tus kws tshaj lij" tsuas yog khaws cia hauv qee qhov tshwj xeeb. Bachelor's degree yog theem pib, thiab kev kawm yuav siv sijhawm li plaub xyoos. Thaum kawm tiav, ib tug neeg tau txais bachelor's degree, uas qhia tau tias nws muaj kev kawm siab dua.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm qib no yog kev xyaum coj los qhia. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tau txais kev paub tseem ceeb hauv cov kev taw qhia uas tau hais tseg yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev paub yooj yim los ntawm lwm yam kev qhuab qhia uas suav nrog hauv txoj haujlwm. Tau txais daim bachelor's degree, tus neeg kawm tiav tau txais txoj cai los tuav txoj haujlwm uas yuav tsum muaj kev kawm qib siab dua. Muaj daim ntawv pov thawj zoo li no, tus neeg tau txais txoj cai kawm txuas ntxiv mus txog qib master.
Kev hloov pauv mus rau ob theem txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog kev koom nrog Bologna txheej txheem, lub hom phiaj yog los tsim ib qho chaw kawm hauv Tebchaws Europe,nthuav kev nkag tau ntawm kev kawm qib siab, txhim kho nws qhov zoo. Kev nkag mus rau peb lub teb chaws rau cov txheej txheem Bologna muab cov tsev kawm qib siab hauv tsev ntxiv rau kev koom tes hauv cov haujlwm tshiab, thiab cov kws qhia ntawv thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm - hauv kev sib pauv nrog cov tsev kawm ntawv hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kawm qib siab zoo li no tau ua raws li kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, uas kev cob qhia cov kws tshwj xeeb nqaim hauv tsib lossis rau xyoo dhau los ua qhov tsis sib xws thiab tsis tsim nyog. Muaj kev pheej hmoo siab uas nyob rau lub sijhawm no cov thev naus laus zis yuav hloov pauv ntau yam uas cov neeg kawm tiav yuav muaj kev tshwj xeeb uas tsis tsim nyog rau kev lag luam. Ib daim bachelor's degree ua rau nws ua tau, tom qab kawm tiav, saib ib puag ncig thiab xaiv txoj kev tshwj xeeb uas ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam uas tau yeej thaum lub sijhawm ntawd.
Tib lub sijhawm, txhua tus yuav tsum nkag siab tias, raws li lub ntiaj teb cov qauv, bachelor's degree yog kev kawm tiav qib siab. Lub hauv paus ntawm nws yog kev cob qhia nyob rau hauv ib qho profile ntawm kev cob qhia, uas yog lub koom haum ntawm kev kawm uas muab kev kawm tob txog kev qhuab qhia hauv qhov profile. Lub sijhawm no, lub hauv paus yog tsim rau kev kawm ntxiv, nyob ntawm seb lub neej txoj kev npaj ntawm ib tug neeg. Kev xaiv ntawm profile yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm tus kheej tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg thov; nws muab lub sijhawm kom tau txais kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse hauv cov kev qhuab qhia tshwj xeeb tom qab ua tiav txoj kev kawm ntawm kev qhuab qhia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus menyuam kawm ntawv muaj sijhawm nkag siab tias nws muaj peev xwm thiab qhov twg yuav zoo tshaj rau nws txoj haujlwm thiab lub neej tom ntej.
Yuav kom ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qee lub sijhawm kawm tiav qib bachelor's degree hauv Russia tseem yuav pom tias tsis yog kev kawm tiav qib siab. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib qho stereotype cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm hloov pauv thiab me ntsis txo qis ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev kawm qib siab feem ntau. Tab sis cov txheej txheem kev cob qhia nws tus kheej tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog nws, yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab dubious uas tau nthuav dav hauv 90s.
