"Koj Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws" yog ib daim ntawv ntawm kev cai lij choj chaw nyob uas sib raug rau cov chav kawm thib peb thiab plaub ntawm qib qhia los ntawm Peter the Great hauv 1722. Qhov kev thov no muaj nyob rau hauv Russia rau yuav luag ob centuries thiab raug tshem tawm tsuas yog tom qab lub kiv puag ncig nyob rau hauv 1917. Hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, "Koj Tus Thawj Coj" yog siv los hais txog ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub xeev lub hwj chim, yog tias tsim nyog hauv daim ntawv sau npe thiab siv ncaj qha rau tus neeg nyob hauv thiab nws lub npe.
Reference rau qeb raws li cov chav kawm
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 24, 1722, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Peter the Great, tau tsim lub rooj sib tw, uas tau muab cov kev faib tawm meej rau hauv kaum plaub chav kawm. Txhua lub kaum plaub chav kawm sib txuas rau ib qho ntawm tsib qhov chaw nyob nrog ntxiv cov npe koj, lawv, nws, nws:
- "High Excellency" - kev thov rov hais dua rau cov qib ntawm thawj thiab thib ob chav kawm. Hauv "Table of Ranks" cov no yog cov qib siab tshaj plaws.
- "Excellency" yog hais txog qib peb thiab qib plaub.
- "High birth" - sib raug rau qib tsib.
- "High Nobility" - thib rau thiabqib yim.
- "Nobleness" - txij qib cuaj mus rau qib kaum plaub.
Muaj 262 cov lus hauv "Table". Cov no yog tub rog (hauv tub rog thiab tub rog), pej xeem (civilian) thiab tsev hais plaub qib. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau muab faib ua cov chav kawm, uas txiav txim siab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv hierarchy ntawm lub pej xeem kev pab cuam.
Kev tsis txaus siab tsis tau cim hauv "Table of Ranks"
Ntxiv rau cov npe uas tau muab rau hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm, muaj cov lus thov cais rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg imperial thiab cov nom tswv, xws li:
- Imperial Majesty.
- Imperial Hloos
- siab.
- siab.
- Nyob zoo.
- Nyob zoo.
Tsis tas li, kev kho tshwj xeeb tau muab rau cov kws qhia ntawv. Raws li lawv qhov kev nce qib, cov txiv plig hu ua "Koj Kev Ntseeg", "Koj Kev Ntseeg", "Koj Txoj Kev Hlob" thiab "Koj Qhov Tseem Ceeb" feem.
keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim cov cai
"Table of Ranks" tau tsim los ua ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm chinoproizvodstvo hauv Tsarist Russia. Raws li Lub Rooj, cov qauv ntawm kev faib cov posts los ntawm cov laus kuj tau tsim. Ua ntej tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj no, cov phau ntawv tus lej tau khaws cia, uas cov ntaub ntawv tau teem sijhawm rau txoj haujlwm. Cov phau ntawv zoo sib xws tau khaws cia txij li kev kav ntawm Ivan the Terrible thiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm Peter the Great.
Raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim "Table of Ranks" tau koom nrog Leibniz. Txoj cai lij choj tau ua raws li cov cai zoo sib xwsqee lub xeev nyob sab Europe. Tsar Peter tus kheej hloov kho "Table". Tsab cai lij choj tau kos npe tom qab kev txiav txim siab los ntawm Senate, nrog rau hauv cov tub rog thiab cov tsev kawm qib siab qhuas.
Kev piav qhia ntawm tsab cai
Raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, "Table" yog txoj cai raws li 262 txoj haujlwm pej xeem, tub rog thiab tsev hais plaub tau muab faib ua 14 chav kawm. Lub sijhawm dhau los, qee txoj haujlwm raug tshem tawm ntawm "Table" thiab raug tshem tawm tag nrho los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum yim. Txoj cai lij choj suav nrog lub sijhawm ncaj qha ntawm qeb los ntawm qib thiab kaum cuaj cov ntsiab lus piav qhia.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Table" yog qhov kev tshem tawm tsis raug cai ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thaum ub. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov ua tau kom tau txais cov xwm txheej siab dua tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kheej, lub npe hu ua "leej txiv hwm" tsis muaj teeb meem ntxiv lawm. Qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm tsab cai lij choj suav nrog kev faib cov nom tswv mus rau hauv keeb kwm, tau txais los ntawm tsev neeg, thiab tus kheej, ua haujlwm lossis tso cai. Yog li, "Table" ua kom muaj peev xwm nce qib ntawm cov neeg uas tsis tau txais lub npe siab, tab sis pom lawv tus kheej hauv kev pabcuam. Nobles nyob rau tib lub sij hawm raug deprived ntawm ntau yam cai. Undoubtedly, qhov no muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tau txais lub npe siab dua tsuas yog ua tau yog tias tus neeg lees paub txoj kev ntseeg. Lub npe ntawm ntau tus txiv neej Tatar, cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm Murzas ntawm Golden Horde, uas tseem nyob hauv Islam, tsis tau lees paub txog thaum lawv hloov siab los ntseeg Orthodox.
"Koj Tus Thawj Coj" - hais rau leej twg?
Nyob rau hauv Tsarist Russia, hais lus rau ib tug neeg sib raug rau nws txoj hauj lwm. Kev ua txhaum txoj cai no raug nplua los ntawm kev nplua, raws li tau hais hauv ib nqe lus ntawm Lub Rooj. Qhov kev thov rov hais dua "Koj Tus Thawj Coj" hauv Tsarist Russia tau hais rau cov lus ntawm cov chav kawm thib peb thiab plaub.
Raws li Petrovsky "Table", cov chav kawm thib peb sib raug rau rau lub tsev hais plaub qib, ib tug pej xeem, plaub tub rog thiab ob qib tub rog. Cov chav kawm plaub suav nrog ob tug pej xeem, ib lub tsev hais plaub, plaub tub rog thiab ob lub nkoj tub rog. Hauv cov tub rog qib, cov no yog cov haujlwm dav dav, hauv cov neeg pej xeem - cov kws pab tswv yim.
Txhua txoj haujlwm no yuav tsum raug hu ua "Koj Tus Thawj Coj". Txoj cai ntawm kev hais lus no tau khaws cia hauv tebchaws Russia txog xyoo 1917. Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig thiab kev hloov ntawm lub hwj chim, cov kev thov rov hais dua tau raug tshem tawm, lawv tau hloov los ntawm qhov kev thov rov hais dua "Mr."
Speech ethiquette today
Hnub no, qhov kev thov rov hais dua "Koj Tus Thawj Coj" kuj muaj daim ntawv thov. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm diplomatic correspondence. Cov ntaub ntawv Diplomatic muaj xws li sau ntawv tus kheej thiab hais lus, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog kev cai siv raws tu qauv qauv ntawm kev coj ncaj ncees (kev qhuas) nyob rau hauv lawv. Raws li txoj cai, kev qhuas yog siv thaum pib thiab thaum kawg ntawm tsab ntawv. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv no yog qhov kev thov rov hais dua. Title "KojExcellency" tuaj yeem siv rau cov neeg hauv qab no:
- ntseeg lub taub hau ntawm xeev;
- tus nom tswv txawv tebchaws;
- ambassadors ntawm txawv teb chaws;
- npisov thiab archbishops.
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev siv qhov chaw nyob: "Koj Tus Thawj Coj, Mr. Ambassador." Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias hom chaw nyob kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm kev coj ua hauv zos thiab kev siv cov npe hauv ib lub xeev. Cov lus ntawm qhov kev thov rov hais dua kuj yog nyob ntawm lub suab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv diplomatic, ntawm tus sau lub siab xav muab tus phooj ywg lossis txwv tsis pub rau tsab ntawv. Qhov chaw nyob uas nquag siv yog "Nyob zoo Mr. Ambassador", "Nyob zoo Mr. Minister". Txhawm rau ntxiv cov ntawv sau ua phooj ywg zoo dua, nws tsim nyog siv qhov kev qhuas kawg "Nrog rau kev hwm", "Nrog rau kev hwm."
