Nyob rau xyoo pua nees nkaum, tau sib cais los ntawm biology rau hauv ib qho kev tshawb fawb cais, ecology pib nws lub neej. Qhov kev qhuab qhia tam sim ntawd pib muaj koob meej. Txog rau tam sim no, nws tseem txhim kho sai heev. Txawm hais tias nws hais txog ntau yam teeb meem, tej zaum txhua tus tuaj yeem teb tau yooj yim yog tias koj nug nws: "Kev kawm dab tsi hauv ecology?".
Qhov kev tshawb fawb ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no feem ntau yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij sib txawv hauv tib txoj kev. Yog li, teb cov lus nug txog dab tsi kev tshawb fawb ecology, lawv hais yooj yim heev: cov khoom ntawm kev kawm yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob nyob nrog ib puag ncig ntawm lawv qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov. Yuav kom paub meej ntxiv, xav tau kev piav qhia ntxaws.
Ua ntej, cov no yog cov tsiaj muaj sia. Yog tias peb xav txog lawv tus kheej, ces lawv raug cuam tshuam los ntawm peb pawg tseem ceeb:
- qhov chaw nyob (qhov no yuav suav nrog huab cua av noo, nroj tsuag, theem teeb pom kev ntawm thaj chaw, huab cua kub thaum hmo ntuj thiab nruab hnub, nyem thiab lwm yamxwm txheej);
- lwm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm fauna (qhov no suav nrog ob tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tib cov pej xeem uas cuam tshuam rau cov xeeb ntxwv ntawm ib tus neeg, qib ntawm nws txoj kev tiv thaiv, thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lwm hom thiab cov pej xeem uas cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib puag ncig kev sib tw, kev noj haus, kev coj tus cwj pwm ntawm tus kheej);
- anthropogenic yam (qhov ze ntawm tib neeg vaj tse, nws cov dej num hauv cheeb tsam).
Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig - ntawm lwm yam tsiaj, nroj tsuag thiab tib neeg - cov qauv ntawm tus cwj pwm yog tsim nyob rau hauv tib neeg, kev noj haus hloov, thiab, tej zaum, qhov chaw nyob kuj hloov. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, adaptation rau ib puag ncig thiab nws tej yam kev mob tshwm sim. Raws li peb paub, nws yog nws leej twg yog tus tseem ceeb hauv evolution.
Dab tsi ntxiv ecology kawm? Xwm nws tus kheej, uas yog, biosphere. Ecologists ua tib zoo kawm seb qhov zoo li cas thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm qee qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig ntuj raug cuam tshuam los ntawm lub neej ntawm qee yam kab mob nyob ntawm lawv (thiab kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv) thiab tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev tseem tab tom kawm - tus nqi ntawm lub teeb, kub, av noo, siab thiab lwm yam.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ib puag ncig tau ua tiav ntau hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb. Hauv qhov no lawv tau pab los ntawm kev kawm txuas ntxiv thiab xyaum.
Yog li, thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no lawv mus ncig ua si txhawm rau saib ze dua ntawm qee yam paub lossis tshawb pom thiab pib kawm yam tshiab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov "kev mus ncig ua haujlwm"Feem ntau cov tsiaj tshiab los yog cov nroj tsuag raug tshawb pom, cov tsiaj muaj kev puas tsuaj raug daws, cov khoom noj tshiab tsis tau pom dua.
ecology kawm dab tsi. Contemporary Aspect
Tam sim no, thaum peb hnov txog ecology, peb feem ntau xav txog peb qhov cuam tshuam rau xwm. Thiab cov kev xav no yuav muaj tseeb. Qhov tseeb yog tias qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ecology yog qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm tib neeg rau ib puag ncig (emissions ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo rau hauv huab cua thiab dej, poaching, deforestation thiab kua dej ntawm pas dej thiab swamps). Niaj hnub no, ntau lub koom haum pej xeem tab tom sim daws cov teeb meem no, tab sis nws nyuaj heev. Tib neeg tsuas tuaj yeem zam kev pov tseg ntawm txoj kev thiab hauv dej, tsav tsheb tsawg dua thiab noj cov khoom zoo ib puag ncig.
