Iron (III) chloride hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj xim av tuaj yeem npaj tau hauv chav kuaj lossis hauv tsev. Koj yuav xav tau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas tsis yog xim hlau thiab cov dej kub huv (kua lossis distilled). Tom qab dissolution thiab daws, ib tug tsaus xim av kua yog tau. Muaj ntau yam nta hauv kev npaj cov tshuaj ferric chloride uas koj yuav tsum kawm txog ua ntej koj pib ua haujlwm nrog nws.
Ferric chloride
Anhydrous ferric chloride tsim los ntawm kev lag luam tshuaj - FeCl 3, - tsaus xim av crystals nrog ntxoov liab, ntshav, tsaus ntsuab. Molar hnyav - 162.21 g / mol. Cov khoom melts ntawm qhov kub ntawm 307.5 ° C, ntawm 500 ° C nws pib decompose. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm anhydrous ntsev dissolves hauv 100 g dej:
- 74.4g (0°C);
- 99g (25°C);
- 315g (50 ° C);
- 536g (100 °C).
Anhydrous hlau (III) chloride yog ib yam khoom hygroscopic uas sai sai nqus dej los ntawm ib puag ncig. Hauv huab cua, nws cuam tshuam nrog dej, tig mus rau hauv cov pob zeb daj ntawm hexahydrate FeCl3 + 6Н2О. Qhov loj feem ntawm anhydrous ferric chloride nyob rau hauv cov khoom yuav hauv lub network faib mus txog 95%. Muaj ib qho me me ntawm ferric chloride FeCl2 thiab insoluble impurities. Lub npe lag luam yog Ferric Chloride. Cov khoom yog hluav taws kub thiab tawg-pov thawj, tab sis nws cov tshuaj muaj corrosive nyhuv rau cov khoom hlau.
Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate
Ntxiv rau qhov tsis muaj dej, kev lag luam tsim cov crystalline hydrate, nyob rau hauv uas qhov loj ntawm ferric chloride (III) yog 60%. Cov khoom yog daj-xim av crystalline loj los yog xoob pieces ntawm tib ntxoov ntxoo. Ib qho tseem ceeb txawv feature ntawm ferrous thiab ferric ions yog xim. Lub xeev oxidation ntawm Fe2+ yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov xim ntsuab, cov hexahydrate hlau chloride hydrate yog cov tshuaj xiav-ntsuab. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev oxidation ntawm Fe3+ ions ua daj rau xim av xim. Rau kev txiav txim siab zoo, kev daws teeb meem ntawm ferric chloride yog kho nrog cov tshuaj reagents:
- NaOH (lub xim av precipitate tshwm Fe(OH)3);
- K4[Fe(CN)6] (KFe precipitate [Fe(CN)6] xiav);
- KCNS, NaCNS (forms iron thiocyanate Fe (CNS)3 liab).
Yuav ua li cas dilute ferric chloride
Iron (III) chloride nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov xim av lossis xim liab tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv lub network faib, npaj hauv chav kuaj lossis hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tshav kub-resistantCov khoom siv uas tsis yog xim hlau (iav, yas, ceramic). Cov dej rau yaj ntsev tuaj yeem muab los ntawm tus kais dej. Safer - boiled los yog distilled. Dej rhuab mus rau 50-70 ° C yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv, thiab ces cov khoom yog poured rau hauv me me feem. Qhov sib piv ntawm ferric chloride thiab dej yog 1: 3. Yog tias koj npaj cov tshuaj los ntawm crystalline hydrate, ces yuav tsum tau dej tsawg dua, vim tias nws muaj nyob rau hauv crystalline hydrate (40% los ntawm qhov hnyav). Cov tshuaj yog ntxiv rau cov tshuaj me me los ntawm me me, txhua feem yog li 5-10 g. Nws tsis pom zoo kom nchuav tag nrho cov qauv tam sim vim qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration. Tsis txhob siv cov khoom siv hlau (dawb, spatulas). Ntsev yuav tsum tau yaj tag rau hauv dej sov, uas cov muaju yuav tsum tau tov zoo nrog cov kua. Cov txheej txheem yog nrawm los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm hydrochloric acid (1/10 ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov muaju). Tom qab nyob rau ob peb teev, ib tug precipitate yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv qab vim muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab tsim ntawm hlau hydroxide thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lim cov tshuaj xim av ua tiav thiab khaws cia rau hauv lub thawv yas kaw kom nruj ntawm qhov kub nruab nrab thiab tawm ntawm tshav ntuj ncaj qha.
Kev siv ferric chloride hauv kev lag luam thiab kev siv pej xeem. Kev siv hauv tsev
Iron ntsev yog siv ntau qhov chaw. Trivalent hlau chloride yog siv rau kev kho dej, hlau thiab pleev xim kho. Cov tshuaj yog siv nyob rau hauv industrial organic synthesis (catalyst, oxidizing tus neeg sawv cev). Lub coagulating zog ntawm Fe 3+ ion yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus siab rau hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam. Hauv qabQhov kev txiav txim ntawm ferric chloride, me me insoluble hais ntawm impurities stick ua ke thiab precipitate. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev sib khi ntawm ib feem ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, uas raug tshem tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag kho. Crystal hydrate thiab anhydrous ntsev FeCl 3 yog siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem etching ntawm hlau luam ntawv daim hlau. Ib qho tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv pob zeb txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau nws lub zog.
Tshuaj phenomena thaum lub sij hawm etching ntawm boards. Kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg
Ib yam tshuaj nrov rau PCB etching yog ferric chloride. Kev daws rau cov laj thawj no yog npaj los ntawm 0.150 kg ntawm ntsev thiab 0.200 liv dej sov. Nws muaj ions Fe3+, Cl–, thiab thaum lub sij hawm hydrolysis xim av yog tsim - ferric hlau hydroxide. Cov txheej txheem ua raws li cov txheej txheem: FeCl3 + 3HOH↔ Fe(OH)3 + 3Cl– + 3H +. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog kev sib kis ntawm lub rooj tsavxwm nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm cov khoom, uas ua rau ntxiv etching nyuaj. Ntsev nws tus kheej yog ib yam khoom uas tsis yog-volatile, tab sis nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam nrog dej nws tso tawm caustic fumes. Kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm sab nraum zoov lossis hauv chav uas muaj cua zoo. Kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias ua rau khaus thiab tuaj yeem ua rau dermatitis. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tus kheej yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej (tsom iav, hnab looj tes). Thaum muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj caustic, ntxuav cov tawv nqaij nrog dej kom ntau.